计算机网络原理第一章（第五版 影印版）答案

Review Questions

1 The word protocol is often used to describe diplomatic relations. Give an example of a diplomatic protocol.

Answer: Suppose Alice, an ambassador of country A wants to invite Bob, an ambassador of country B, over for dinner. Alice doesn't simply just call Bob on the phone and say, come to our dinner table now". Instead, she calls Bob and suggests a date and time. Bob may respond by saying he's not available that particular date, but he is available another date. Alice and Bob continue to send "messages" back and forth until they agree on a date and time. Bob then shows up at the embassy on the agreed date, hopefully not more than 15 minutes bbefore or after the agreed time. Diplomatic protocols also allow for either Alice or Bob to politely cancel the engagement if they have reasonable excuses.：

2 What is the difference between a host and an end system? List the types of end systems. Is a Web server an end system?

Answer: There is no difference. Throughout this text, the words“host" and "end system”are used interchangeably. End systems include PCs, workstations, Web servers, mail servers, Internet-connected PDAS, WebTVs, etc.

3 List six access technologies. Classify each one as residential access, company access, or mobile access.

   Answer: 1. Dial-up modem over telephone line: residential; 
2. DSL over telephone line:residential or small office; 
3. Cable to HFC: residential; 
4. 100 Mbps switched Etherent:company; 
5. Wireless LAN: mobile; 
6. Cellular mobile access (for example, 3G/4G): mobile

4. What is a client program? What is a server program? Does a server program request and receive services from a client program?

    Answer: A networking program usually has two programs, each running on a different host,communicating with each other. The program that initiates the communication is the client.Typically, the client program requests and receives services from the server program.

5. List the available residential access technologies in your city. For each type of access.

Answer: Current possibilities include: dial-up (up to 56kbps); DSL (up to 1 Mbps upstream, upto 8 Mbps downstream); cable modem (up to 30Mbps downstream, 2 Mbps upstream.

6. What are some of the physical media that Ethernet can run over?

Answer: Ethernet most commonly runs over twisted-pair copper wire and“thin” coaxial cable. It also can run over fibers optic links and thick coaxial cable.

8.Describe the most popular wireless Internet access technologies today. Compare and contrast then.

  Answer: There are two main methods.
(1)	IEEE 802.1 technical access, the user is within the range of tens of meters from the access point. Connect users to the wired network by connecting between the base stations connected to the wired network.
(2) 3G and LET networks provide wireless network access services for users in base stations through network hardware facilities for making calls in these systems
 #### 9. Dial-up modems, HFC, and DSL are all used for residential access. For each of theseaccess technologies, provide a range of transmission rates and comment on whether the transmission rate is shared or dedicated.

Answer: Dial up modems: up to 56 Kbps, bandwidth is dedicated; ISDN:
up to 128 kbps, bandwidth is dedicated; ADSL: downstream channel is
.5-8 Mbps, upstream channel is up to1 Mbps, bandwidth is dedicated;
HFC, downstream channel is 10-30 Mbps and upstream channel is usually
less than a few Mbps, bandwidth is shared.

10.What is the transmission rate of Ethernet LANs…

Answer: Ethernet has 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps and 10Gbps several
kinds.No, the bandwidth is Shared by users on the line.

Problems

12. Consider the circuit switched network in Figure 1.8. Recall that there are n circuits on each link.

a.What is the maximum number of simultaneous connections that can be in progress at any one time in this network?

b. Suppose that all connections are between the switch in the upper-left-hand corner and the switch in the lower-right-hand corner. What is the maximum number of simultaneous connections that can be in progress?

Answer: a. We can n connections between each of the four pairs of adjacent switches. 
            This gives a maximum of 4n connections. 
            b. We can n connections passing through the switch in the upper-right-hand corner and another n connections passing through the switch in the lower-left-hand corner, giving a total of 2n connections.