USB摄像头驱动

1、简单字符设备操作流程

2、复杂字符设备操作流程（LCD）

如何写分层驱动：

1. 分配某个结构体
2. 设置
3. 注册
4. 硬件相关操作

3、V4L2字符设备操作流程(复杂字符设备)

V4L2框架: video for linux version 2

3.1 虚拟视频驱动vivi.c分析:

1．分配video_device
2．设置
3．注册：video_register_device

vivi_init
    vivi_create_instance
        v4l2_device_register   // 不是主要, 只是用于初始化一些东西，比如自旋锁、引用计数
        video_device_alloc
        // 设置
          1. vfd:
            .fops           = &vivi_fops,
            .ioctl_ops 	= &vivi_ioctl_ops,
            .release	= video_device_release,
          2.
            vfd->v4l2_dev = &dev->v4l2_dev;
          3. 设置"ctrl属性"(用于APP的ioctl)：
            	v4l2_ctrl_handler_init(hdl, 11);
            	dev->volume = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(hdl, &vivi_ctrl_ops,
            			V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME, 0, 255, 1, 200);
            	dev->brightness = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(hdl, &vivi_ctrl_ops,
            			V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS, 0, 255, 1, 127);
            	dev->contrast = v4l2_ctrl_new_std(hdl, &vivi_ctrl_ops,
            			V4L2_CID_CONTRAST, 0, 255, 1, 16);                        
        video_register_device(video_device, type:VFL_TYPE_GRABBER, nr)
            __video_register_device
                vdev->cdev = cdev_alloc();
                vdev->cdev->ops = &v4l2_fops;
                cdev_add
                
                video_device[vdev->minor] = vdev;//vdev 创建

        		if (vdev->ctrl_handler == NULL)
        			vdev->ctrl_handler = vdev->v4l2_dev->ctrl_handler;

分析vivi.c的open,read,write,ioctl过程

 1. open
app:     open("/dev/video0",....)
---------------------------------------------------
drv:     v4l2_fops.v4l2_open
            vdev = video_devdata(filp);  // 根据次设备号从数组中得到video_device
            ret = vdev->fops->open(filp);
                        vivi_ioctl_ops.open
                            v4l2_fh_open

 2. read
app:    read ....
---------------------------------------------------
drv:    v4l2_fops.v4l2_read
            struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
            ret = vdev->fops->read(filp, buf, sz, off);

 3. ioctl
app:   ioctl
----------------------------------------------------
drv:   v4l2_fops.unlocked_ioctl
            v4l2_ioctl
                struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
                ret = vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
                            video_ioctl2
                                video_usercopy(file, cmd, arg, __video_do_ioctl);
                                    __video_do_ioctl
                                        struct video_device *vfd = video_devdata(file);
                                        根据APP传入的cmd来获得、设置"某些属性"

如何写V4L2驱动

v4l2_ctrl_handler的使用过程:

    __video_do_ioctl
        struct video_device *vfd = video_devdata(file);

    	case VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL:
    	{
    		struct v4l2_queryctrl *p = arg;
    
    		if (vfh && vfh->ctrl_handler)
    			ret = v4l2_queryctrl(vfh->ctrl_handler, p);
    		else if (vfd->ctrl_handler)  // 在哪设置？在video_register_device
    			ret = v4l2_queryctrl(vfd->ctrl_handler, p);
    			            // 根据ID在ctrl_handler里找到v4l2_ctrl，返回它的值

4、测试虚拟驱动vivi

4.1 准备工作：安装xawtv

方法一：

sudo apt-get install xawtv

源码xawtv-3.95.tar.gz

方法二：
在这个网站创建新的sources.list
http://repogen.simplylinux.ch/

1. 选择国家
2. 选择相邻的ubuntu版本
3. 选择"Ubuntu Branches"
4. 生成sources.list
5. 把得到内容替换到/etc/apt/sources.list
6. sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install xawtv

4.2 测试USB摄像头：

1．让VMWAER处于前台，接上USB摄像头，可以看到生成了/dev/video0
2．执行 xawtv 即可看到图像

4.3 测试虚拟摄像头vivi：

1. 确实ubuntu的内核版本

uname -a
Linux book-desktop 2.6.31-14-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 16 14:04:26 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux

2. 去www.kernel.org下载同版本的内核
   解压后把drivers/media/video目录取出

//修改Makefile为
KERN_DIR = /usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.31-14-generic

all:
        make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules 

clean:
        make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
        rm -rf modules.order  
obj-m   += vivi.o
obj-m   += videobuf-core.o
obj-m   += videobuf-vmalloc.o
obj-m   += v4l2-common.o

3. make

   insmod videobuf-core.ko
   insmod videobuf-vmalloc.ko
   insmod v4l2-common.ko
   insmod vivi.ko

5. ls /dev/video*
6. xawtv -c /dev/videoX