C++

引用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int n =4;
int & SetValue(){ return n;}
int main()
{
    SetValue() = 40;
    cout << n;
    return 0;
}

动态内存分配

int main()
{
    int *pn;
    pn = new int;
    pn[0] = 5;
    cout<<pn[0]<<endl;
    delete pn;
}

类、封装

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class CRectangle
{
public:
    int w, h;
    int Area() {
        return w*h;
    }
    int Perimeter() {
        return 2*(w+h);
    }
    void Init ( int w_, int h_ ) {
        w = w_; h = h_;
    }
};

void PrintRectangle( CRectangle & r)
{ cout << r.Area() << "," << r.Perimeter() ; }

int main()
{
    CRectangle r3;
    r3.Init(5, 4);
    PrintRectangle( r3 );
}

隐藏

class CEmployee {
private: //私有成员变量不能在成员函数外访问
    char szName[30];
public:
    int salary;
    void setName( char *name );
    void getName( char *name );
    void averageSalary ( CEmployee e1, CEmployee e2);
};

void CEmployee:: setName(char *name){
    strcpy( szName, name);
}
void CEmployee:: getName(char *name){
    strcpy( name, szName);
}
void CEmployee:: averageSalary(CEmployee e1, CEmployee e2){
    cout << e1.szName;
    salary = (e1.salary + e2.salary) /2 ;
}

int main(){
    CEmployee e;
  //  strcpy( e.szName, "Tom1234567889" ); “隐藏”
    e.setName("Tom");
    e.salary = 5000;
    return 0;
}

重载、缺省

class Location {
private:
    int x, y;
public:
    void init( int x=0, int y=0);
    void valueX ( int val ) { x = val ;}
    int valueX() { return x; }
};

void Location:: init( int X, int Y){
    x = X;
    y = Y;
}

int main(){
    Location A,B;
    A.init(5);
    A.valueX(4);
    cout << A.valueX();
    return 0;
}

构造函数

class Complex{
private:
    double real, imag;
public:
    void Set( double r, double i );
    Complex( double r, double i );
    Complex( double r);
    Complex( Complex c1, Complex c2);
};

Complex:: Complex( double r, double i ){
    real = r; imag = i;
}
Complex:: Complex( double r ){
    real = r; imag = 0;
}
Complex:: Complex( Complex c1, Complex c2) {
    real = c1.real + c2.real;
    imag = c1.imag + c2.imag;
}

Complex c1(3), c2(1,0), c3(c1,c2);

class CSample {
    int x;
public:
    CSample(){
        cout <<"Constructor 1 Called" << endl;
    }
    CSample(int n ){
        x = n;
        cout << "Constructor 2 Called" <<endl;
    }
};

int main(){
    CSample array1[2];
    cout << "step1" << endl;
    CSample array2[2] = {4,5};
    cout << "step2" << endl;
    CSample array3[2] = {3};
    cout << "step3" << endl;
    CSample *array4 = new CSample[2];
    delete[] array4;
    return 0;
}

class Test {
public:
    Test(int n) {}
    Test(int n, int m) {}
    Test() {}
};
Test array1[3] = {1, Test(1,2) };
Test array2[3] = { Test(2,3) , Test(1,2), 1 };
Test *pArray[3] = { new Test(4), new Test(1,2) }; // 指针数组，生成两个对象，pArray[2]不会导致对象生成