SEGY数据格式

什么是SEGY数据，SEGY数据由哪些内容组成？

SEGY数据简介

SEGY数据，也就是SEG-Y文件格式，是由美国SEG学会（Society of Exploration Geophysicists）提出的标准磁带数据格式之一，它是石油勘探行业地震数据的最为普遍的格式之一。

SEGY数据包括三个部分

第一部分	第二部分	第三部分
EBCDIC文件头	二进制头文件	数据体
3200字节	400字节	大于240字节

具体内容

EBCDIC文件头

Extended Binary Coded Decimak Interchange Code,主要用于IBM计算机，3200字节，由40行80字符组成，需要转换为ASCII码后才能显示。这部分主要用于记录与整个工区相关的信息，如施工单位、施工区、监理单位等。在加载SEG-Y数据时，头文件块可以忽略。

二进制头文件

400字节，用来存储描述SEG-Y文件的一些关键信息，包括SEG-Y文件的数据格式、采样点数、采样间隔、测量单位等。

字节	参数名	参数类型	参数说明
3201-3204	jobid	int	任务识别码
3205-3208	lino	int	测线号
3209-3212	reno	int	卷号
3213-3214	ntrpr	short	每个记录的道数
3215-3216	nart	short	每个记录的辅助道数
3217-3218	hdt	unsigned short	该卷采样间隔(微秒)
3219-3220	dto	unsigned short	原始记录的采样间隔(微秒)
3221-3222	hns	unsigned short	该卷每道的样点数
3223-3224	nso	unsigned short	原始记录的每道的采样点
3225-3226	format	short	数据采样点的记录格式
3227-3228	fold	short	CMP 覆盖次数
3229-3230	tsort	short	道分选码
3231-3232	vscode	short	垂直和码
3233-3234	hsfs	short	起始扫描频率
3235-3236	hsfe	short	终止扫描频率
3237-3238	hslen	short	扫描时窗
3239-3240	hstyp	short	扫描类型
3241-3242	schn	short	扫描频带道数
3243-3244	hstas	short	斜坡扫描起始时间
3245-3246	hstae	short	斜坡扫描终止时间
3247-3248	htatyp	short	斜坡扫描类型
3249-3250	hcorr	short	相关数据道
3251-3252	bgrcv	short	增益恢复
3253-3254	rcvm	short	振幅恢复方法
3255-3256	mfeet	short	测量系统
3257-3258	polyt	short	激发信号极性
3259-3260	vpol	short	振动极性
3261-3600	hunass[170]	short	无定义

数据体

数据体：包括道头和地震道数据。

道头（Trace Header）：长度240字节，包含每个道数据的元数据信息，如道序列号、道标识代码、坐标位置和记录参数等。
数据样本（Data Samples）：这部分包含实际的地震数据样本，通常以16位整数表示，代表不同时间间隔下地震波场的振幅值。

道头变量列表

字节	参数名	参数类型	参数说明
1-4	tracl	int	Trace sequence number within line.（一条测线中的道顺序号）
5-8	tracr	int	Trace sequence number within file (reel)（在本卷磁带中的道顺序号）
9-12	fldr	int	Original field record number.（原始野外记录号（炮号））
13-16	tracf	int	Trace number within original field record（在原始野外记录中的道号）
17-20	ep	int	Energy source point number.
21-24	cdp	int	CDP ensemble number.
25-28	cdpt	int	Trace number within the CDP ensemble.
29-30	trid	short	Trace identification code: 1 = seismic data
31-32	nvs	short	Number of vertically summed traces yielding this trace.
33-34	nhs	short	Number of horizontally stacked traces yielding this trace.
35-36	duse	short	Data use: 1 = production 2 = test
37-40	offset	int	Distance from source point to receiver group. （从炮点到接收点的距离）
41-44	gelev	int	Receiver group elevation-above sea level are positive, or are negative. （接收点的地面高程）
45-48	selev	int	Surface elevation at source. （炮点的地面高程）
49-52	sdepth	int	Source depth below surface (positive number).
53-56	gdel	int	Datum elevation at receiver group.
57-60	sdel	int	Datum elevation at source.
61-64	swdep	int	Water depth at source(this is the Fish depth below the sea surface in meters*10).
65-68	gwdep	int	Water depth at group.
69-70	scalel	short	Scalar to be applied to the previous 7 entries.
71-72	scalco	short	Scalar to be applied to the next 4 entries.
73-76	sx	int	Source coordinate -Longitude
77-80	sy	int	Source coordinate - Latitude
81-84	gx加粗样式	int	Group coordinate - Longitude
85-88	gy	int	Group coordinate - Latitude
89-90	conuit	short	Coordinate units: 1=length(meters or feet) 2=seconds of arc
91-92	wevel	short	weathering velocity.
93-94	swevel	short	Subweathering velocity.
95-96	sut	short	Uphole time at source.
99-100	sstat	short	Source static correction.
101-102	gstat	short	Group static correction.
103-104	tstat	short	Total static applied.
105-106	laga	short	Lag time A (ms).
107-108	lagb	short	Lag time B. Time in ms between the time break and positive or negative.
109-110	delrt	short	Delay recording time.
111-112	muts	short	Mute time - start.
113-114	mute	short	Mute time - end.
115-116	ns	un short	Number of samples in this trace.（该道采样点数）
117-118	dt	un short	Sample interval of this trace in microseconds.（该道采样间隔（微秒））
119-120	gain	short	Gain type of field instruments.
121-122	igc	short	Instrument gain constant.
123-124	igi	short	Instrument early or initial gain (db).
125-126	corr	short	Correlated: 1 = no 2 = yes
127-128	sfs	short	Sweep frequency at start.
129-130	sfe	short	Sweep frequency at end.
131-132	slen	short	Sweep length (ms).
133-134	styp	short	Sweep type: 1 = linear 2 = parabolic 3 = exponential 4 = other
135-136	stas	short	Sweep trace taper length at start (ms).
137-138	stae	short	Sweep trace taper length at end, ms.
139-140	tatyp	short	Taper type: 1 = linear 2 = cos 3 = other
141-142	afilf	short	Alias filter frequency.
143-144	afils	short	Alias filter slope.
145-146	nofilf	short	Notch filter frequency.
147-148	nofils	short	Notch filter slope.
149-150	lcf	short	Low cut frequency.
151-152	hcf	short	High cut frequency.
153-154	lcs	short	Low cut slope.
155-156	hcs	short	High cut slope.
157-158	year	short	Year data recorded (four digit integer).
159-160	day	short	Day of year.
161-162	hour	short	Hour of day (24 hour clock).
163-164	minute	short	Minute of hour.
165-166	sec	short	Second of minute.
167-168	timbas	short	Time basis code: 1 = local 2 = GMT 3 = other
169-170	trwf	short	Trace weighting factor,defined as 2-N volts for the least significant bit.(N=0,1,.,32,767)
171-172	grnors	short	Geophone group number of roll switch position one.
173-174	grnlof	short	Geophone group number of trace number one within original field record.
175-176	grnlof	short	Geophone group number of last trace within original field record.
177-178	gaps	short	Gape size (total number of groups dropped).
179-180	otrav	short	Overtravel associated with taper at beginning or end of line: 1=down 2=up
181-240	null	null	Unassigned-for optional information. cwp local assignments.

部分道头变量之间的关系：

• fldr 和 ep 相等，且从1开始。
• tracl 和 tracr 相等。

参考

SU/SEGY文件格式