java 方法参数之按值调用与引用调用

java 方法参数之按值调用与引用调用

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一、按值调用与对象引用

1. 按值调用表示方法参数接收的是调用者提供的值。
2. 引用调用表示方法参数接收的是调用者提供的变量地址。

二、按值调用与对象引用示例代码

1.按值调用，传递value到doubleValue方法后value从10变为20，但是执行结束之后value值还是10，代码如下：

public class ConstructDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int value = 10;
        System.out.println("before value: " + value);
        doubleValue(value);
        System.out.println("after value: " + value);
    }

    public static void doubleValue(int value){
        value = value * 2;
        System.out.println("doubleValue method value: " + value);
    }
}

//结果如下
before value: 10
doubleValue method value: 20
after value: 10

对象引用,引用的是对象的值，而非引用的对象地址，可以改变对象的状态(即改变对象值)下面代码是关于引用的对象值而非引用的对象地址的代码论证，代码如下：

public class ConstructDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Employee employee = new ConstructDemo().new Employee("tom", 20, 1000);
        System.out.println("before salary: " + employee.salary);
        doubleValue(employee);
        System.out.println("after salary: " + employee.salary);
		//以上代码看起来像是对象引用，下面代码是对对象引用的验证
		//如果方法引用的是对象，则swap可以交换两个对象，验证结果为不能交换
        Employee employee1 = new ConstructDemo().new Employee("tom", 20, 1000);
        Employee employee2 = new ConstructDemo().new Employee("jerry", 30, 2000);
        System.out.println("before employee1 name: "+ employee1.name +" salary: " + employee1.salary);
        System.out.println("before employee2 name: "+ employee2.name +" salary: " + employee2.salary);
        swap(employee1, employee2);
        System.out.println("after employee1 name: "+ employee1.name +" salary: " + employee1.salary);
        System.out.println("after employee2 name: "+ employee2.name +" salary: salary: " + employee2.salary);
    }

    public static void doubleValue(int value){
        value = value * 2;
        System.out.println("doubleValue method value: " + value);
    }

    public static void doubleValue(Employee employee){
        employee.salary = employee.salary * 2;
        System.out.println("doubleValue method value: " + employee.salary);
    }

    public static void swap(Employee employee1, Employee employee2){
        Employee temp = employee1;
        employee1 = employee2;
        employee2 = temp;
        System.out.println("swap method employee1 name: "+ employee1.name +" salary: salary: " + employee1.salary);
        System.out.println("swap method employee2 name: "+ employee2.name +" salary: salary: " + employee2.salary);

    }

    public class Employee {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private double salary;
        // Employee 类的构造器
        public Employee(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }
        // 设置age的值
        public void empAge(int empAge){
            age =  empAge;
        }

        /* 设置salary的值*/
        public void empSalary(double empSalary){
            salary = empSalary;
        }

        public Employee(String name, int age, double salary) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.salary = salary;
        }

        /* 打印信息 */
        public void printEmployee(){
            System.out.println("名字:"+ name );
            System.out.println("年龄:" + age );
            System.out.println("薪水:" + salary);
        }
    }

//	结果如下：
>after salary: 2000.0
before employee1 name: tom salary: 1000.0
before employee2 name: jerry salary: 2000.0
swap method employee1 name: jerry salary: salary: 2000.0
swap method employee2 name: tom salary: salary: 1000.0
after employee1 name: tom salary: 1000.0
after employee2 name: jerry salary: salary: 2000.0

总结

以上说明java对对象的引用为按值传递而不是引用调用。
传递对象到方法可以改变对象的值,且使用的是对象的内部方法。