MyBatis框架高级应用详解

文章目录


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一、ORM概述

对象关系映射(Object Relational Mapping,简称ORM)是通过使用描述对象和数据库之间映射的元数据,将面向对象语言程序中的对象自动持久化到关系数据库中。本质上就是将数据从一种形式转换到另外一种形式。

ORM

二、ORM映射

2.1 MyBatis自动ORM失效

MyBatis只能自动维护库表“列名”与“属性名”相同时的一一对应关系,二者不同时,无法自动ORM。

自动ORM失效
007
2.2 解决方式一:列的别名

在SQL中使用 as 为查询字段添加列别名,以匹配属性名。

<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.ManagerDao">
    <select id="selectManagerByIdAndPwd" resultType="com.mylifes1110.bean.Manager">
        SELECT mgr_id AS id , mgr_name AS username , mgr_pwd AS password
        FROM t_managers
        WHERE mgr_id = #{
   id} AND mgr_pwd = #{
   pwd}
    </select>
</mapper>
2.3 解决方式二:结果映射

使用<resultMap id=“别名” type=“实体类对象名” >标签来映射,匹配列名与属性名。

注意: property设置属性,column设置别名

<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.ManagerDao">

    <!--定义resultMap标签-->
    <resultMap id="managerResultMap" type="com.mylifes1110.bean.Manager">
      	<!--关联主键与列名-->
        <id property="id" column="mgr_id" />
      
      	<!--关联属性与列名-->
        <result property="username" column="mgr_name" />
        <result property="password" column="mgr_pwd" />
    </resultMap>
  
     <!--使用resultMap作为ORM映射依据-->
    <select id="selectAllManagers" resultMap="managerResultMap">
        SELECT mgr_id , mgr_name , mgr_pwd
        FROM t_managers
    </select>
</mapper>

三、MyBatis处理关联关系

3.1 映射关系

实体间的关系: 关联关系(拥有 has、属于 belong)

  • OneToOne: 一对一关系(Passenger— Passport)

  • OneToMany: 一对多关系(Employee — Department)

  • ManyToMany: 多对多关系(Student — Subject)

3.2 映射表分析
Table建立外键关系
008
Entity添加关系属性
009_2
Mapper中将属性与列名对应
010
3.3 映射关系应用
3.3.1 标签说明
  • 结果映射标签: <resultMap id=“结果映射别名” type=“实体类对象”>

    • 双方均可建立关系属性,建立关系属性后,对应的Mapper文件中需使用<ResultMap >完成多表映射
  • id映射标签: <id property=“ID名” column=“ID别名” />

  • 属性映射标签: <result property=“属性名” column=“别名” />

  • 映射单一对象标签: <association property=“对象属性名” javaType=“实体类包含的单一对象”>

    • 持有对象关系属性使用<association>标签来完成映射,此标签是写在<resultMap>标签内
  • 映射集合对象标签: <collection property=“集合属性名” ofType=“集合泛型内单一对象”>

    • 持有集合关系属性,使用<collection>标签来完成映射,此标签是写在<resultMap>标签内
  • 查询标签: <select id=“接口方法名” resultMap=“结果映射别名”>

    • 查询标签中resultMap属性内填入的是结果映射别名
3.3.2 一对一关系应用

在一对一关系中,如果实体类中包含需要查询的对象,则需要在<resultMap>标签内添加<association>标签来映射实体类中的单一对象

创建表

// 旅客表
create table passenger
(
    id       int auto_increment
        primary key,
    name     varchar(50) null,
    sex      tinyint     null,
    birthday date        null
);

// 护照表
create table passport
(
    id           int auto_increment
        primary key,
    nationlity   varchar(100) null,
    expire       date         null,
    passenger_id int          null
);

创建实体类对象

package com.mylifes1110.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.Date;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Passport {
   
    private int id;
    private String nationlity;
    private Date expire;
    private int passengerId;
    private Passenger passenger;

    public Passport(String nationlity, Date expire, int passengerId) {
   
        this.nationlity = nationlity;
        this.expire = expire;
        this.passengerId = passengerId;
    }
}

package com.mylifes1110.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.Date;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Passenger {
   
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private boolean sex;
    private Date birthday;
    private Passport passport;

    public Passenger(String name, boolean sex, Date birthday) {
   
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
}

创建接口

package com.mylifes1110.dao;

import com.mylifes1110.bean.Passenger;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface PassengerDao {
   
    Passenger selectPassengerById(@Param("id") int id);
}

创建Mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<!--namespace:所需实现的接口全限定名-->
<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.PassengerDao">
    <!--封装结果映射-->
    <resultMap id="passenger_passport" type="com.mylifes1110.bean.Passenger">
        <id column="id" property="id"></id>
        <result column="name" property="name"></result>
        <result column="sex" property="sex"></result>
        <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
    	<!--封装类中对象-->
        <association property="passport" javaType="com.mylifes1110.bean.Passport">
            <id column="id" property="id"></id>
            <result column="nationlity" property="nationlity"></result>
            <result column="expire" property="expire"></result>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

<!--查询-->
<select id="selectPassengerById" resultMap="passenger_passport">
    select passenger.id,
       passenger.name,
       passenger.sex,
       passenger.birthday,
       passport.id pid,
       passport.nationlity,
       passport.expire,
       passport.passenger_id
from passenger
         join passport on passenger.id = passport.passenger_id
where passenger.id = #{
   id}
</select>
</mapper>

注册Mapper

<!--Mapper注册-->
<mappers>
	<mapper resource="mappers/PassengerMapper.xml"/>
<mappers>

测试类

@Test
public void selectPassengerById() {
   
    PassengerDao passengerDao = MyBatisUtils.getMapper(PassengerDao.class);
    System.out.println(passengerDao.selectPassengerById(1));
}
3.3.3 一对多关系应用

在一对多关系中,可能会出现查询一个对象(实体)的信息,还有可能会出现查询好多对象(实体集合)的信息。那么我们可以判断在查询一个对象的信息是可以使用<association>标签,而查询集合对象的信息可以使用<collection>标签

创建表

// 部门
create table department
(
    id       int auto_increment
        primary key,
    name     varchar(100) null,
    location varchar(200) null
);

// 员工
create table employee
(
    id      int auto_increment
        primary key,
    name    varchar(100) null,
    salary  double       null,
    dept_id int          null
);

实体类

package com.mylifes1110.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.List;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee {
   
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private int deptId;
    private List<Department> departments;
}

package com.mylifes1110.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Department {
   
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String location;
    private Employee employee;
}

Dao层接口

package com.mylifes1110.dao;

import com.mylifes1110.bean.Employee;

import java.util.List;

public interface EmployeeDao {
   
    List<Employee> selectAllEmployee();
}

Mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<!--namespace:所需实现的接口全限定名-->
<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.EmployeeDao">
    <resultMap id="selectEmployeeAll" type="com.mylifes1110.bean.Employee">
        <id property="id" column="eid"></id>
        <result property="name" column="ename"></result>
        <result property="salary" column="salary"></result>
        <collection property="departments" ofType="com.mylifes1110.bean.Department">
            <id property="id" column="id"></id>
            <result property="name" column="name"></result>
            <result property="location" column="location"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>
<select id="selectAllEmployee" resultMap="selectEmployeeAll">
    select department.id, department.name, department.location, employee.id eid, employee.name ename, employee.salary
from department
         join employee on department.id = employee.dept_id;
</select>
</mapper>

测试类

@Test
public void selectAllEmployee() {
   
    EmployeeDao employeeDao = MyBatisUtils.getMapper(EmployeeDao.class);
    System.out.println(employeeDao.selectAllEmployee());
}
3.3.4 多对多关系应用

关于多对多在映射中还算是有挑战性的,接下来是一个三表联查来实现多对多映射

创建表

// 科目表
create table subject(
   id int primary key auto_increment,
   name varchar(100),
   grade int
)default charset =utf8;

// 学生表
create table student(
    id int primary key  auto_increment,
    name varchar(50),
    sex tinyint
)default charset =utf8;

// 学生和科目的中间管理表
create table student_subject(
  student_id int references student(id),
  subject_id int references subject(id),
  primary key (student_id,subject_id)
)default charset =utf8;
建立第三张关系表
011_2

实体类

package com.mylifes1110.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.List;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
   
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private boolean sex;
    private List<Subject> subjects;
}

package com.mylifes1110.bean;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.List;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Subject {
   
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int grade;
    private List<Student> students;
}

Dao层接口

package com.mylifes1110.dao;

import com.mylifes1110.bean.Subject;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentDao {
   
    List<Subject> selectAllStudent();
}

Mapper.xml

<?xml version
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