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一、ORM概述
对象关系映射(Object Relational Mapping,简称ORM)是通过使用描述对象和数据库之间映射的元数据,将面向对象语言程序中的对象自动持久化到关系数据库中。本质上就是将数据从一种形式转换到另外一种形式。
二、ORM映射
2.1 MyBatis自动ORM失效
MyBatis只能自动维护库表“列名”与“属性名”相同时的一一对应关系,二者不同时,无法自动ORM。
自动ORM失效 |
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2.2 解决方式一:列的别名
在SQL中使用 as 为查询字段添加列别名,以匹配属性名。
<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.ManagerDao">
<select id="selectManagerByIdAndPwd" resultType="com.mylifes1110.bean.Manager">
SELECT mgr_id AS id , mgr_name AS username , mgr_pwd AS password
FROM t_managers
WHERE mgr_id = #{
id} AND mgr_pwd = #{
pwd}
</select>
</mapper>
2.3 解决方式二:结果映射
使用<resultMap id=“别名” type=“实体类对象名” >标签来映射,匹配列名与属性名。
注意: property设置属性,column设置别名
<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.ManagerDao">
<!--定义resultMap标签-->
<resultMap id="managerResultMap" type="com.mylifes1110.bean.Manager">
<!--关联主键与列名-->
<id property="id" column="mgr_id" />
<!--关联属性与列名-->
<result property="username" column="mgr_name" />
<result property="password" column="mgr_pwd" />
</resultMap>
<!--使用resultMap作为ORM映射依据-->
<select id="selectAllManagers" resultMap="managerResultMap">
SELECT mgr_id , mgr_name , mgr_pwd
FROM t_managers
</select>
</mapper>
三、MyBatis处理关联关系
3.1 映射关系
实体间的关系: 关联关系(拥有 has、属于 belong)
OneToOne: 一对一关系(Passenger— Passport)
OneToMany: 一对多关系(Employee — Department)
ManyToMany: 多对多关系(Student — Subject)
3.2 映射表分析
Table建立外键关系 |
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Entity添加关系属性 |
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Mapper中将属性与列名对应 |
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3.3 映射关系应用
3.3.1 标签说明
结果映射标签: <resultMap id=“结果映射别名” type=“实体类对象”>
- 双方均可建立关系属性,建立关系属性后,对应的Mapper文件中需使用<ResultMap >完成多表映射
id映射标签: <id property=“ID名” column=“ID别名” />
属性映射标签: <result property=“属性名” column=“别名” />
映射单一对象标签: <association property=“对象属性名” javaType=“实体类包含的单一对象”>
- 持有对象关系属性使用<association>标签来完成映射,此标签是写在<resultMap>标签内
映射集合对象标签: <collection property=“集合属性名” ofType=“集合泛型内单一对象”>
- 持有集合关系属性,使用<collection>标签来完成映射,此标签是写在<resultMap>标签内
查询标签: <select id=“接口方法名” resultMap=“结果映射别名”>
- 查询标签中resultMap属性内填入的是结果映射别名
3.3.2 一对一关系应用
在一对一关系中,如果实体类中包含需要查询的对象,则需要在<resultMap>标签内添加<association>标签来映射实体类中的单一对象
创建表
// 旅客表
create table passenger
(
id int auto_increment
primary key,
name varchar(50) null,
sex tinyint null,
birthday date null
);
// 护照表
create table passport
(
id int auto_increment
primary key,
nationlity varchar(100) null,
expire date null,
passenger_id int null
);
创建实体类对象
package com.mylifes1110.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Passport {
private int id;
private String nationlity;
private Date expire;
private int passengerId;
private Passenger passenger;
public Passport(String nationlity, Date expire, int passengerId) {
this.nationlity = nationlity;
this.expire = expire;
this.passengerId = passengerId;
}
}
package com.mylifes1110.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Passenger {
private int id;
private String name;
private boolean sex;
private Date birthday;
private Passport passport;
public Passenger(String name, boolean sex, Date birthday) {
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
创建接口
package com.mylifes1110.dao;
import com.mylifes1110.bean.Passenger;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface PassengerDao {
Passenger selectPassengerById(@Param("id") int id);
}
创建Mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace:所需实现的接口全限定名-->
<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.PassengerDao">
<!--封装结果映射-->
<resultMap id="passenger_passport" type="com.mylifes1110.bean.Passenger">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="name" property="name"></result>
<result column="sex" property="sex"></result>
<result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
<!--封装类中对象-->
<association property="passport" javaType="com.mylifes1110.bean.Passport">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="nationlity" property="nationlity"></result>
<result column="expire" property="expire"></result>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!--查询-->
<select id="selectPassengerById" resultMap="passenger_passport">
select passenger.id,
passenger.name,
passenger.sex,
passenger.birthday,
passport.id pid,
passport.nationlity,
passport.expire,
passport.passenger_id
from passenger
join passport on passenger.id = passport.passenger_id
where passenger.id = #{
id}
</select>
</mapper>
注册Mapper
<!--Mapper注册-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mappers/PassengerMapper.xml"/>
<mappers>
测试类
@Test
public void selectPassengerById() {
PassengerDao passengerDao = MyBatisUtils.getMapper(PassengerDao.class);
System.out.println(passengerDao.selectPassengerById(1));
}
3.3.3 一对多关系应用
在一对多关系中,可能会出现查询一个对象(实体)的信息,还有可能会出现查询好多对象(实体集合)的信息。那么我们可以判断在查询一个对象的信息是可以使用<association>标签,而查询集合对象的信息可以使用<collection>标签
创建表
// 部门
create table department
(
id int auto_increment
primary key,
name varchar(100) null,
location varchar(200) null
);
// 员工
create table employee
(
id int auto_increment
primary key,
name varchar(100) null,
salary double null,
dept_id int null
);
实体类
package com.mylifes1110.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private double salary;
private int deptId;
private List<Department> departments;
}
package com.mylifes1110.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Department {
private int id;
private String name;
private String location;
private Employee employee;
}
Dao层接口
package com.mylifes1110.dao;
import com.mylifes1110.bean.Employee;
import java.util.List;
public interface EmployeeDao {
List<Employee> selectAllEmployee();
}
Mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace:所需实现的接口全限定名-->
<mapper namespace="com.mylifes1110.dao.EmployeeDao">
<resultMap id="selectEmployeeAll" type="com.mylifes1110.bean.Employee">
<id property="id" column="eid"></id>
<result property="name" column="ename"></result>
<result property="salary" column="salary"></result>
<collection property="departments" ofType="com.mylifes1110.bean.Department">
<id property="id" column="id"></id>
<result property="name" column="name"></result>
<result property="location" column="location"></result>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="selectAllEmployee" resultMap="selectEmployeeAll">
select department.id, department.name, department.location, employee.id eid, employee.name ename, employee.salary
from department
join employee on department.id = employee.dept_id;
</select>
</mapper>
测试类
@Test
public void selectAllEmployee() {
EmployeeDao employeeDao = MyBatisUtils.getMapper(EmployeeDao.class);
System.out.println(employeeDao.selectAllEmployee());
}
3.3.4 多对多关系应用
关于多对多在映射中还算是有挑战性的,接下来是一个三表联查来实现多对多映射
创建表
// 科目表
create table subject(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(100),
grade int
)default charset =utf8;
// 学生表
create table student(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(50),
sex tinyint
)default charset =utf8;
// 学生和科目的中间管理表
create table student_subject(
student_id int references student(id),
subject_id int references subject(id),
primary key (student_id,subject_id)
)default charset =utf8;
建立第三张关系表 |
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实体类
package com.mylifes1110.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private boolean sex;
private List<Subject> subjects;
}
package com.mylifes1110.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Subject {
private int id;
private String name;
private int grade;
private List<Student> students;
}
Dao层接口
package com.mylifes1110.dao;
import com.mylifes1110.bean.Subject;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentDao {
List<Subject> selectAllStudent();
}
Mapper.xml
<?xml version