JavaWeb学习笔记（六）------过滤器、监听器

JavaWeb学习笔记（六）------过滤器、监听器

MVC三层架构

• 什么是MVC：Model（模型），View（视图），Controller（控制器）

早些年的架构

• 用户直接访问控制层，控制层就可以直接操作数据库

MVC三层架构

Model

• 业务处理：业务逻辑（Service）
• 数据持久层：CRUD（dao）

View

• 展示数据
• 提供链接发起Servlet请求（a，form，img…）

Controller（Servlet）

• 接收用户的请求：（req：请求参数、session信息）

• 交给业务层处理对应的代码

• 控制视图的跳转

• 例：登录 —> 接收用户的登录请求 —> 处理用户的请求（获取用户登录的参数：username，password） —> 交给业务层处理登录业务（判断用户名密码是否正确） —> Dao层查询用户名和密码是否正确 —> 数据库

Filter（过滤器）(重点)

• Filter：过滤器，用来过滤网站的数据
• 用处：处理中文乱码、登录验证…

Filter开发步骤

• 导包：注意不要导错

• 编写过滤器，实现filter接口，重写过滤器

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    //初始化
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化");
    }

    //chain:链
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前...");
        //让请求继续执行，如果不写的话，程序到这里就被拦截停止了
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行后...");
    }

    //销毁
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁");
    }
}

• 在web.xml中配置Filter过滤器

 <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.zmt.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--        只要是/servlet下的任何请求，都会经过这个过滤器-->
        <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

• 测试servlet

public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
       // resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.getWriter().write("你好");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

特点

• 过滤器中的所有代码，在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行

• 必须要让过滤器继续通行：filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);

• web服务器启动，过滤器就初始化了，随时等待过滤对象出现

• web服务器关闭的时候，过滤器才会销毁

监听器

• 实现一个监听器的接口（有很多种）
• 编写一个监听器

//统计网站在线人数：统计session
public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    //创建session监听：看你的一举一动
    //一旦创建一个session就会触发一次这个事件
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext ctx = se.getSession().getServletContext();

        System.out.println(se.getSession().getId());

        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");

        if(onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount = new Integer(1);
        }else{
            int count = onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount = new Integer(count+1);
        }
        ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
    }

    //销毁session监听
    //一旦销毁session，就会触发一次这个事件
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext ctx = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");

        if(onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount = new Integer(0);
        }else{
            int count = onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount = new Integer(count-1);
        }
        ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
    }
}

• xml配置

<!--    注册监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.zmt.listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

过滤器、监听器常见应用

• GUI中的监听器

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Frame frame = new Frame("你好"); //新建一个窗体
        Panel panel = new Panel(null); //面板

        frame.setLayout(null); //设置窗体的布局
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0,0,255));  //设置背景颜色

        panel.setBounds(50,50,300,300);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(0,255,0)); //设置背景颜色

        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true); //设置窗体可见性

        //监听事件，监听关闭事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("打开");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("关闭ing");
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("关闭ed");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("激活");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("未激活");
            }
        });
    }
}

• 用户登录之后才能进入主页，用户注销后就不能进入主页了
• 用户登录后，向Session中放入用户的数据

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取前端请求的参数
        String username = req.getParameter("username");

        if(username.equals("admin")){
            //登录成功，将用户信息放在session中
            req.getSession().setAttribute("USER_SESSION",req.getSession().getId());
            resp.sendRedirect("/sys/success.jsp");
        }else {
            //登录失败
            resp.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 进入主页的时候要判断用户是否已经登录（过滤器实现）

public class SysFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {


        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;

        Object user_session = request.getSession().getAttribute("USER_SESSION");

        if(user_session==null){
            response.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

• 注销

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Object user_session = req.getSession().getAttribute("USER_SESSION");
        if(user_session!=null){
            System.out.println("111");
            req.getSession().removeAttribute("USER_SESSION");
            resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
        }else{
            resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}