界面—使用 RecyclerView 创建动态列表

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一、 概述

1.1 布局能力

RecyclerView 库提供了三种布局管理器：
LinearLayoutManager： 将各个项排列在一维列表中。
GridLayoutManager：将所有项排列在二维网格中：
StaggeredGridLayoutManager： 与 GridLayoutManager 类似，但不要求同一行中的列表项具有相同的高度（垂直网格有此要求）或同一列中的列表项具有相同的宽度（水平网格有此要求）。其结果是，同一行或同一列中的列表项可能会错落不齐。

1.2 RecyclerView构成

① RecyclerView是视图的 ViewGroup，它本身就是视图，因此，将RecyclerView 添加到布局中的方式与添加任何其他界面元素相同。
② RecyclerView视图中的每个独立元素都由一个 ViewHolder 对象进行定义。创建 ViewHolder 时，它并没有任何关联的数据。
③ RecyclerView视图中的独立元素通过Adapter 将视图绑定到其数据。可以通过扩展 RecyclerView.Adapter 来定义 Adapter。

1.3 RecyclerView优势

RecyclerView 可以让您轻松高效地显示大量数据。您提供数据并定义每个列表项的外观，而 RecyclerView 库会根据需要动态创建元素。

顾名思义，RecyclerView 会回收这些单个的元素。当列表项滚动出屏幕时，RecyclerView 不会销毁其视图。相反，RecyclerView 会对屏幕上滚动的新列表项重用该视图。这种重用可以显著提高性能，改善应用响应能力并降低功耗。

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二、 使用步骤

2.1 步骤一：在Activity或Fragment布局文件中添加RecyclerView

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recyclerView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />

2.2 步骤二：定义视图项的布局

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/list_item_height"
    android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/margin_medium"
    android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/margin_medium"
    android:gravity="center_vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/element_text"/>
</FrameLayout>

其中src/main/res/values/strings.xml，src/main/res/values/dimens.xml中的内容需要自己添加

2.3 步骤三：构建适配器（RecyclerView.Adapter）

public class CustomAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<CustomAdapter.ViewHolder> {

    private String[] localDataSet;
    private Context mContext;

    /**
     * Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using
     * (custom ViewHolder).
     */
    public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        private final TextView textView;

        public ViewHolder(View view) {
            super(view);
            // Define click listener for the ViewHolder's View

            textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView);
        }

        public TextView getTextView() {
            return textView;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the dataset of the Adapter.
     *
     * @param dataSet String[] containing the data to populate views to be used
     * by RecyclerView.
     */
    public CustomAdapter(String[] dataSet, Context context) {
        localDataSet = dataSet;
        mContext = context;
    }

    // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int viewType) {
        // Create a new view, which defines the UI of the list item
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(viewGroup.getContext())
                .inflate(R.layout.text_row_item, viewGroup, false);

        return new ViewHolder(view);
    }

    // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder viewHolder, final int position) {

        // Get element from your dataset at this position and replace the
        // contents of the view with that element
        viewHolder.getTextView().setText(localDataSet[position]);
    }

    // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return localDataSet.length;
    }
}

2.4 步骤四：在Activity或Fragment中初始化RecyclerView

package com.example.android.recyclerview;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.RadioButton;

/**
 * Demonstrates the use of {@link RecyclerView} with a {@link LinearLayoutManager} and a
 * {@link GridLayoutManager}.
 */
public class RecyclerViewFragment extends Fragment {

    private static final String TAG = "RecyclerViewFragment";
    private static final String KEY_LAYOUT_MANAGER = "layoutManager";
    private static final int SPAN_COUNT = 2;
    private static final int DATASET_COUNT = 60;

    private enum LayoutManagerType {
        GRID_LAYOUT_MANAGER,
        LINEAR_LAYOUT_MANAGER
    }

    protected LayoutManagerType mCurrentLayoutManagerType;

    protected RadioButton mLinearLayoutRadioButton;
    protected RadioButton mGridLayoutRadioButton;

    protected RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
    protected CustomAdapter mAdapter;
    protected RecyclerView.LayoutManager mLayoutManager;
    protected String[] mDataset;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // Initialize dataset, this data would usually come from a local content provider or
        // remote server.
        initDataset();
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.recycler_view_frag, container, false);
        rootView.setTag(TAG);

        // BEGIN_INCLUDE(initializeRecyclerView)
        mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.recyclerView);

        // LinearLayoutManager is used here, this will layout the elements in a similar fashion
        // to the way ListView would layout elements. The RecyclerView.LayoutManager defines how
        // elements are laid out.
        // 使用LinearLayoutManager： 将各个项排列在一维列表中。
        mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());


        mCurrentLayoutManagerType = LayoutManagerType.LINEAR_LAYOUT_MANAGER;

        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            // Restore saved layout manager type.
            mCurrentLayoutManagerType = (LayoutManagerType) savedInstanceState
                    .getSerializable(KEY_LAYOUT_MANAGER);
        }
        setRecyclerViewLayoutManager(mCurrentLayoutManagerType);

        mAdapter = new CustomAdapter(mDataset，getContext());
        // Set CustomAdapter as the adapter for RecyclerView.
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
        // END_INCLUDE(initializeRecyclerView)

        mLinearLayoutRadioButton = (RadioButton) rootView.findViewById(R.id.linear_layout_rb);
        mLinearLayoutRadioButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                setRecyclerViewLayoutManager(LayoutManagerType.LINEAR_LAYOUT_MANAGER);
            }
        });

        mGridLayoutRadioButton = (RadioButton) rootView.findViewById(R.id.grid_layout_rb);
        mGridLayoutRadioButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                setRecyclerViewLayoutManager(LayoutManagerType.GRID_LAYOUT_MANAGER);
            }
        });

        return rootView;
    }

    /**
     * Set RecyclerView's LayoutManager to the one given.
     *
     * @param layoutManagerType Type of layout manager to switch to.
     */
    public void setRecyclerViewLayoutManager(LayoutManagerType layoutManagerType) {
        int scrollPosition = 0;

        // If a layout manager has already been set, get current scroll position.
        if (mRecyclerView.getLayoutManager() != null) {
            scrollPosition = ((LinearLayoutManager) mRecyclerView.getLayoutManager())
                    .findFirstCompletelyVisibleItemPosition();
        }

        switch (layoutManagerType) {
            case GRID_LAYOUT_MANAGER:
                mLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(getActivity(), SPAN_COUNT);
                mCurrentLayoutManagerType = LayoutManagerType.GRID_LAYOUT_MANAGER;
                break;
            case LINEAR_LAYOUT_MANAGER:
                mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
                mCurrentLayoutManagerType = LayoutManagerType.LINEAR_LAYOUT_MANAGER;
                break;
            default:
                mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
                mCurrentLayoutManagerType = LayoutManagerType.LINEAR_LAYOUT_MANAGER;
        }

        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager);
        mRecyclerView.scrollToPosition(scrollPosition);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Save currently selected layout manager.
        savedInstanceState.putSerializable(KEY_LAYOUT_MANAGER, mCurrentLayoutManagerType);
        super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
    }

    /**
     * Generates Strings for RecyclerView's adapter. This data would usually come
     * from a local content provider or remote server.
     */
    private void initDataset() {
        mDataset = new String[DATASET_COUNT];
        for (int i = 0; i < DATASET_COUNT; i++) {
            mDataset[i] = "This is element #" + i;
        }
    }
}

2.5 步骤五（进阶）：设置点击事件

    public CustomAdapter(ArrayList<VehicleOverviewInfo> dataSet, Context context) {
        localDataSet = dataSet;
        mContext = context;
    }

    // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder viewHolder, final int position) {

        // Get element from your dataset at this position and replace the
        // contents of the view with that element
        viewHolder.getTextView().setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG, "被点击的控件" + String.valueOf(viewHolder.getAdapterPosition() + 1));
                Toast.makeText(mContext, "被点击的控件" + String.valueOf(viewHolder.getAdapterPosition() + 1), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });


    }

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三、 参考资料

https://developer.android.google.cn/guide/topics/ui/layout/recyclerview

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四、 结束语

本文档为博主自主学习Android应用开发过程中的经验总结与心得体会，希望能在读者的学习道路上帮上一点点小忙，共同学习，共同成长。
欢迎读者评论留言，点赞，收藏，分享！

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