【JDBC】用三层架构搭建[转账]项目

本文详细介绍了Java中的三层架构,包括表示层、业务逻辑层和数据访问层的职责,并给出了具体的项目搭建步骤。通过实例展示了Account类、DBUtils工具类、DAO接口及其实现、Service接口及其实现类的代码实现,以及测试类的使用,演示了转账功能的业务逻辑处理和事务管理。
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壹. 三层架构的介绍

1. 什么是三层

  • 表示层
    • 命名: XXXView
    • 职责:手机用户的数据和需求、展示数据。
  • 业务逻辑层
    • 命名: XXXServiceImpl
    • 职责:数据加工处理,调用DAO完成业务实现、控制事务
  • 数据访问层
    • 命名:XXXDaoImpl
    • 职责:向业务层提供数据,将业务层加工后的数据同步到数据库

2. 三层架构核心流程

在这里插入图片描述

3. 三层架构项目搭建(按开发步骤)

  • utils 存放工具类(DBUtils)
  • entity 存放实体类(Person)
  • dao 存放DAO接口(PersonDao)
    • impl 存放DAO接口实现类(PersonDaoImpl)易于更新换代]
  • service 存放service接口(PersonService)
    • impl 存放service接口实现类(PersomServiceImpl)
  • view 存放程序启动类(main)

程序设计时,考虑已修改,易扩展,为Service层和DAO层设计接口,便于未来更换实现类

贰. 代码

1. 先放出本项目用到的数据库

CREATE TABLE ACCOUNT(
	cardNo VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
	PASSWORD VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
	NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
	balance DOUBLE NOT NULL
)CHARSET=utf8;

SELECT * FROM ACCOUNT ;
INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES('6002','1234','Joe',10000);
INSERT INTO ACCOUNT VALUES('6003','1234','Gavin',1000);

2. Account类(entity类)

package com.account;

public class Account {
    private String cardNo;
    private String password;
    private String name;
    private double balance;

    public Account() {
    }

    public Account(String cardNo, String password, String name, double balance) {
        this.cardNo = cardNo;
        this.password = password;
        this.name = name;
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public String getCardNo() {
        return cardNo;
    }

    public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
        this.cardNo = cardNo;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "cardNo='" + cardNo + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", balance=" + balance +
                '}';
    }
}

3. DBUtils工具类

package com.account;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class DButils {
    private static final Properties prop=new Properties();
    private static ThreadLocal<Connection> threadLocal=new ThreadLocal<>();
    static{
        InputStream is = DButils.class.getResourceAsStream("/Utils.properties");
        try {
            prop.load(is);
            Class.forName(prop.getProperty("Driver"));

        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //获取连接
    public static Connection getConnection(){
        Connection connection =threadLocal.get();//将当前线程中绑定的Connection对象,赋值给connection
        try {
            if(connection==null){
                connection = DriverManager.getConnection(prop.getProperty("url"), prop.getProperty("username"), prop.getProperty("password"));
                threadLocal.set(connection);//把链接存在当前线程共享中
            }

           } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
        return connection;
    }
    //开启事务
    public static void begin(){
        Connection connection=getConnection();
        try {
            connection.setAutoCommit(false);
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //提交事务
    public static void commit(){
        Connection connection=null;
        try {
            connection=getConnection();
            connection.commit();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            CloseAll(connection,null,null);
        }
    }

    //回滚事务
    public static void rollback(){
        Connection connection=null;

        try {
            connection= getConnection();
            connection.rollback();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            CloseAll(connection,null,null);
        }
    }


    //关闭所有
    public static void CloseAll(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
        try{
            if(resultSet!=null) resultSet.close();
            if(statement!=null) statement.close();
            if(connection!=null) {
                connection.close();
                threadLocal.remove();//关闭连接后,移除已关闭connection对象
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

4. AccountDao接口

package com.account;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public interface AccountDao {
    int insert(Account account);
    int delete(Account account);
    int update(Account account);
    Account select(String cardNo);
}

5. AccountDao的实现类AccountDaoImpl

package com.account;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao{
    public int insert(Account account) {return 0;}
    public int delete(Account account) {return 0;}
    public int update(Account account) {
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement=null;
        String sql="update account set password =?,name=?,balance=? where cardNo=?";
        connection=DButils.getConnection();
        try {
            preparedStatement=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setString(1,account.getPassword());
            preparedStatement.setString(2,account.getName());
            preparedStatement.setDouble(3,account.getBalance());
            preparedStatement.setString(4,account.getCardNo());
            int result = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
            return result;
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DButils.CloseAll(null,preparedStatement,null);
        }


        return 0;

    }
    public Account select(String cardNo){
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement=null;
        ResultSet resultSet=null;
        Account account=null;
        String sql="select * from account where cardNo=?";
        connection=DButils.getConnection();
        try {
            preparedStatement=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setString(1,cardNo);
            resultSet=preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            if(resultSet.next())
            {
                return account=new Account(resultSet.getString("cardNo"),resultSet.getString("password"),
                        resultSet.getString("name"),resultSet.getDouble("balance"));

            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DButils.CloseAll(null,preparedStatement,resultSet);
        }

        return null;
    }
}

6. AccountService接口

package com.account;

public interface AccountService {
    void transfer(String fromNo,String password,String toNo,double money);
}

7. AccountService的实现类AccountServiceImpl

package com.account;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{
    public void transfer(String fromNo,String password,String toNo,double money){
        AccountDaoImpl accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();


        try {
            //调用DBUtils开启事务
            DButils.begin();

            //1.验证fromNo是否存在
            Account account = accountDao.select(fromNo);
            if(account==null) throw new RuntimeException("卡号不存在");
            //2.验证密码是否正确
            if(! account.getPassword().equals(password)) throw new RuntimeException("卡号或者密码错误");

            //3.验证余额是否足够
            if(account.getBalance()<money) throw new RuntimeException("余额不足");

            //4.验证toNo是否存在
            Account toAccount = accountDao.select(toNo);
            if(toAccount==null) throw new RuntimeException("对方卡号不存在");
            //5.减少fromNo的余额
            account.setBalance(account.getBalance()-money);
            accountDao.update(account);

           // int i=10/0;//生成异常的代码
            //6.增加toNo的余额
            toAccount.setBalance(toAccount.getBalance()+money);
            accountDao.update(toAccount);
            System.out.println("转账成功");
            //转账成功,提交事务
            DButils.commit();
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            System.out.println("转账失败");
            //如果当前程序出现异常,则回滚当前整个事务
            DButils.rollback();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

8. 测试类TestAccount

package com.account;

public class TestAccount {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AccountServiceImpl accountService = new AccountServiceImpl();
        accountService.transfer("6002","1234","6003",1000);
    }
}

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