Spring之IOC
1. 什么是spring，它能够做什么?
Spring是一个开源框架，它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而，Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言，任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的：解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能：使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB，并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围：任何Java应用
简单来说，Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
1.1 中间层框架、万能胶
struts2
spring
hibernate
1.2 容器框架
JavaBean 项目中的一个个类
IOC和AOP
2. 什么是控制反转(或依赖注入)
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC，用白话来讲，就是由容器控制程序之间的（依赖）关系，而非传统实现中，由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在：(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器，控制权的转移，是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字：“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ，即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
案例：实现Spring的ioc
IOC/DI
将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理
3.set注入
基本数据类型
导入spring依赖:
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
UserAction：
package com.su.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.su.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
* IOC的注入方式及各类类型
* set注入
* 基本类型与string
* 数组
* 自定义类型
*
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* spring4出现的
* byType:根据配置的Bean中的接口,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
* byName:根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
*
*
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
this.uname = uname;
this.age = age;
}
public UserAction() {
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
/**
* 注入
*/
public void test1() {
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
spring-context.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
default-autowire="byName"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="com.su.ioc.impl.UserBizImpl1" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="com.su.ioc.web.UserAction" id="userAction">
<!-- set注入用property标签 -->
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
<!-- <property name="uname" ref="aaa"></property>
<property name="age" ref="18"></property> -->
<!-- 构造注入用constructor-arg标签 -->
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="aaa"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>吃饭</value>
<value>睡觉</value>
<value>打豆豆</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.su.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="orderAction">
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
</bean>
</beans>
4、构造注入
通过构造函数来给配置文件注入值,实体类和上面是一样的，可以把set方法注释掉，然后为属性写上构造方法，再在配置文件中配好constructor-arg，就可以成功注入属性值了
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="aaa"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
5.自动装配
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
default-autowire="byName"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="com.su.ioc.impl.UserBizImpl1" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="com.su.ioc.web.UserAction" id="userAction">
UserBizImpl1:
package com.su.ioc.impl;
import com.su.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz {
@Override
public void upload() {
// System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
UserBizImpl2:
package com.su.ioc.impl;
import com.su.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz {
@Override
public void upload() {
System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
IocTest:
package com.su.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.su.ioc.web.OrderAction;
import com.su.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
userAction.upload();*/
//spring的上下文
ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction userAction = (UserAction)springContext.getBean("userAction");
OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction)springContext.getBean("orderAction");
userAction.upload();
orderAction.upload();
//userAction.test1();
}
}
UserAction:
package com.su.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.su.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
/**
* IOC的注入方式及各类类型
* set注入
* 基本类型与string
* 数组
* 自定义类型
*
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* spring4出现的
* byType:根据配置的Bean中的接口,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
* byName:根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
*
*
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
this.uname = uname;
this.age = age;
}
public UserAction() {
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
/**
* 注入
*/
public void test1() {
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
Spring的上下文交给tomcat上下文管理
UserServlet:
package com.su.ioc.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("处理用户请求");
ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring_key");
UserAction userAction = (UserAction)springContext.getBean("userAction");
userAction.upload();
}
}
SpringLoadListenter:
package com.su.ioc.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* spring 作为管理整个工程中所有的javabean，那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到指定的javabean呢
* 处理方式：
* 在监听器中 将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文中进行管理
* 浏览器-->request-->servletContext-->springContext-->任意的javabean
*
*
*/
@WebListener
public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("tomcat一启动就触发了.....");
//tomcat的上下文
ServletContext tomcatContext = sce.getServletContext();
String springXmlLocation=tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
System.out.println("spring的上下配置文件："+springXmlLocation);
ApplicationContext springContext=null;
if(springXmlLocation==null ||"".equals(springXmlLocation)) {
//spring的上下文
springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
}else {
springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation);
}
tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext);
}
}
web.xml:
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置SpringListener -->
<!-- <listener>
<listener-class>com.su.ioc.listener.SpringLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener> -->
</web-app>
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