Springcloud简介
简介
Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子,它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来,通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理,最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
入门案例
微服务架构(先创建父工程,父工程是Maven项目,子工程是springboot项目)
创建好项目后调下环境
pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Edgware.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
创建子工程通用模块microservice-common
pom依赖(对父工程进行了处理)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
启动类设置只读不写
package com.su.microservicecommon;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceCommonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceCommonApplication.class, args);
}
}
实体类Student
package com.su.microservicecommon.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_springcloud_student")
public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
@Column
private Integer id;
@Column
private String name;
@Column
private String grade;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGrade() {
return grade;
}
public void setGrade(String grade) {
this.grade = grade;
}
}
创建子工程(服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001)
pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider-1001</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
启动类
package com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
@EntityScan("com.su.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application.class, args);
}
}
StudentRepository
package com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository;
import com.su.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
}
StudentService
package com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.service;
import com.su.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentService {
public void save(Student student);
public Student findById(Integer id);
public List<Student> list();
public void delete(Integer id);
}
StudentServiceImpl
package com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.impl;
import com.su.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
@Autowired
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Override
public void save(Student student) {
studentRepository.save(student);
}
@Override
public Student findById(Integer id) {
return studentRepository.findOne(id);
}
@Override
public List<Student> list() {
return studentRepository.findAll();
}
@Override
public void delete(Integer id) {
studentRepository.delete(id);
}
}
StudentProviderController
package com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.controller;
import com.su.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
public boolean save(Student student){
try{
studentService.save(student);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return studentService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return studentService.findById(id);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
studentService.delete(id);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
}
创建子项目(microservice-student-consumer-80)
pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-80</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
设置启动类只读不写
package com.su.microservicestudentconsumer80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
}
}
SpringCloudConfig配置类:完成consumer调用provider
package com.su.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
StudentConsumerController
package com.su.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
import com.su.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://localhost:1001";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
private boolean save(Student student){
return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
}
测试先启动provider再启动comsumer
Eureka简介
Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架,本身是一个基于REST的服务,主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务,以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中,以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client。
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后,会在Eureka Server中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端,用于简化与Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也就别一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。
在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒,如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳,Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步,Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制,即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉,客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上,Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制,确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。
类似zookeeper,Eureka也是一个服务注册和发现组件,是SpringCloud的一个优秀子项目,不过比较坑的是,Eureka2版本已经停止更新了。但是Eureka1版本还是很稳定,功能足够用,所以还是有必要学习下。
但是这里有几个常用的服务注册与发现组件比对;
Eureka简介:
Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架,本身是一个基于REST的服务,主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务,以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中,以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client。
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后,会在Eureka Server中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端,用于简化与Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也就别一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。
在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒,如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳,Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步,Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制,即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉,客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上,Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制,确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。
类似zookeeper,Eureka也是一个服务注册和发现组件,是SpringCloud的一个优秀子项目,不过比较坑的是,Eureka2版本已经停止更新了。但是Eureka1版本还是很稳定,功能足够用,所以还是有必要学习下。
但是这里有几个常用的服务注册与发现组件比对;
服务注册与发现原理。
pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.su</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-eureka-server-2001</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 2001
context-path: /
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka注册中心实例名称
client:
register-with-eureka: false #false 由于该应用为注册中心,所以设置为false,代表不向注册中心注册自己。
fetch-registry: false #false 由于注册中心的职责就是维护服务实例,它并不需要去检索服务,所以也设置为false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #设置与Eureka注册中心交互的地址,查询服务和注册服务用到
启动类:
package com.su.microserviceeurekaserver2001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application.class, args);
}
}
注册服务
使用到之前创建的microservice-student-provider-1001
注册服务需要导入pom依赖
<!--xiang向Eureka中注册服务 加上eureka客户端依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.yml
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka客户端主机实例名称
appname: microservice-student #客户端服务名
instance-id: microservice-student:1001 #客户端实例名称
prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka #把服务注册到eureka注册中心
启动类:
package com.su.microservicestudentprovider1001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.su.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application.class, args);
}
}
测试(先启动服务中心,再启动服务)