什么是标签?
标签是一种XML元素,通过标签可以使JSP网页变得简洁并且易于维护,还可以方便地实现同一个JSP文件支持多种语言版本。由于标签是XML元素,所以它的名称和属性都是大小写敏感的
标签语言的特点:
<开始标签 属性=“属性值”>标签体</结束标签>
空标签
<开始标签></结束标签>
<开始标签/>
ui标签
控制标签 if /foreach
数据标签 set
自定义标签的开发及使用步骤
1 创建一个标签助手类(继承BodyTagSupport)
标签属性必须助手类的属性对应、且要提供对应get/set方法
rtexprvalue
2 创建标签库描述文件(tld),添加自定义标签的配置
注:tld文件必须保存到WEB-INF目录或其子目录
3 在JSP通过taglib指令导入标签库,并通过指定后缀
访问自定义标签
标签的生命周期
1.实例化标签助手类->doStartTag()------------->doEndTag()
2. 实例化标签助手类->doStartTag()--------->doAfterBody--------->doEndTag()…
3.SKIP_BODY:跳过主体
EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE:计算标签主体内容并[输出]
EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED:计算标签主体内容并[缓存]
EVAL_PAGE:计算页面的后续部分
SKIP_PAGE:跳过页面的后续部分
EVAL_BODY_AGAIN:再计算主体一次
自定义set、out、if、foreach和select标签
所需要的jar包:
1.SetTag
package com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* set是数据标签 不需要展示内容
*
* @author aojun
*
*/
public class SetTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 620528751441207279L;
private String var;// 取名
private Object value;// 数据
public String getVar() {
return var;
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
// 将得到的数据value赋给var
pageContext.setAttribute(var, value);
return SKIP_BODY;
}
}
2.OutTag
package com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* 自定义out标签 ui标签 显示标签属性
*
* @author aojun
*
*/
public class OutTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4330500854234456745L;
private Object value;// 任意值
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
// 将value写到页面去
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
try {
out.print(value);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return super.doStartTag();
}
}
3.IfTag
package com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* if是控制标签 在页面展示的效果是标签体 属性用来控制是否展示
*
* @author aojun
*
*/
public class IfTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7371285603573366093L;
private boolean flag;
public boolean isFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(boolean flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
return flag ? EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE : SKIP_BODY;
}
}
4.ForeachTag
package com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
public class ForeachTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -349922978324632069L;
private String var;// 名字
private List<Object> value = new ArrayList<>();// 传过来的数据组
public String getVar() {
return var;
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public List<Object> getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(List<Object> value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
// 迭代器遍历传过来的数组
Iterator it = value.iterator();
pageContext.setAttribute(var, it.next());
pageContext.setAttribute("it", it);
return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
}
@Override
public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
// 获取原来的it
Iterator it = (Iterator) pageContext.getAttribute("it");
if (it.hasNext()) {
pageContext.setAttribute(var, it.next());
pageContext.setAttribute("it", it);
return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
} else {
return EVAL_PAGE;
}
}
}
5.SelectTag
package com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
/**
* select 的功能:
* 1、新增查询页面,只要通过一个标签就可以完成数据的绑定,而不用使用c:foreach去循环绑定数据
* 2、修改页面,同样通过这个标签完成数据的遍历展示以及默认选中指定向
*
* 分析:
* 1、需要往后台传值 id,name
* 2、定义数据库存储的对应的标签属性、前台展示的标签属性 textkey textval
* 3、定义下拉框的默认值 headkey headval
* 4、下拉框加载数据 items
* 5、属性值接受数据库中保存的value值 被选中的值 selectedval
*
* 属于展示的ui标签,要展示内容
* @author aojun
*
*/
public class SelectTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3236905236587334138L;
private String id;
private String name;
private List<Object> items = new ArrayList<>();
private String textkey;
private String textval;
private String headkey;
private String headval;
private String selectedval;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<Object> getItems() {
return items;
}
public void setItems(List<Object> items) {
this.items = items;
}
public String getTextkey() {
return textkey;
}
public void setTextkey(String textkey) {
this.textkey = textkey;
}
public String getTextval() {
return textval;
}
public void setTextval(String textval) {
this.textval = textval;
}
public String getHeadkey() {
return headkey;
}
public void setHeadkey(String headkey) {
this.headkey = headkey;
}
public String getHeadval() {
return headval;
}
public void setHeadval(String headval) {
this.headval = headval;
}
public String getSelectedval() {
return selectedval;
}
public void setSelectedval(String selectedval) {
this.selectedval = selectedval;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
try {
//对你想展现在页面上的html代码进行拼接
out.print(toHTML());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return super.doStartTag();
}
//拼接标签代码
private String toHTML() throws Exception, Exception {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//更快
sb.append("<select id='"+id+"' name='"+name+"'>");
//加载类似于下拉框默认显示的 请选择
//判定是否有值
if(!(headkey == null || "".equals(headkey) || headval == null || "".equals(headval))) {
sb.append("<option selected value='"+headkey+"'>"+headval+"</option>");
}
String val = "";//写option value 的
String html = "";//写在option标签体的 展示看
//循环打印数据 items = value
for (Object obj : items) {
//根据反射读写属性:
//获取对象:obj.getClass()
//获取对象的指定属性 textkey变量 → 对象的属性名(textval同理)
//打开权限
//接收对应的属性值
//底层代码写法:
Field f = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(textkey);
f.setAccessible(true);
val = (String) f.get(obj);
f = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(textval);
f.setAccessible(true);
html = (String) f.get(obj);
//第三方工具包写法:(commons-beanutils-1.8.0 和 commons-logging)
// val = (String) PropertyUtils.getProperty(obj, textkey);
// html = (String) PropertyUtils.getProperty(obj, textval);
//考虑如果是修改页面时,下拉框回选数据库所存储的值 也就是默认选中数据库所存储的值
if(val.equals(selectedval)) {
sb.append("<option selected value='"+val+"'>"+html+"</option>");
}else {
sb.append("<option value='"+val+"'>"+html+"</option>");
}
}
sb.append("</select>");
return sb.toString();//返回拼接的值
}
}
tld文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_1.xsd"
version="2.1">
<description>hzy 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>hzy core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>c</short-name>
<uri>/hzy</uri>
<!-- set -->
<tag>
<name>set</name>
<tag-class>com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag.SetTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<!-- out -->
<tag>
<name>out</name>
<tag-class>com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag.OutTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<!-- if -->
<tag>
<name>if</name>
<tag-class>com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag.IfTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>flag</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<!-- foreach -->
<tag>
<name>foreach</name>
<tag-class>com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag.ForeachTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<!-- select -->
<!-- 以 select 为例 -->
<tag>
<name>select</name>
<tag-class>com.huangzhiyao.jsp.tag.SelectTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<name>id</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>name</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>textkey</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>textval</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>headkey</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute><attribute>
<name>headval</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>selectedval</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
index界面
<%@page import="com.huangzhiyao.Test1.Test1"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/hzy" prefix="z" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<z:set var="name" value="zs"></z:set>
<z:out value="${name}"></z:out>
<z:if flag="true">lalala</z:if>
<z:if flag="false">enheng</z:if>
<%
List list=new ArrayList();
list.add(new Test1("1", "老陌"));
list.add(new Test1("2", "大喜"));
list.add(new Test1("3", "小白"));
pageContext.setAttribute("teas", list);
%>
<z:foreach var="t" value="${teas}">
${t.id},${t.name}<br>
</z:foreach>
<h2>新增查询下拉框</h2>
<z:select textkey="id" items="${teas }" textval="name"></z:select>
<z:select headkey="-1" headval="请选择" textkey="id" items="${teas }" textval="name"></z:select>
<h2>修改页面下拉框</h2>
<z:select textkey="id" items="${teas }" textval="name" selectedval="黄之耀"></z:select>
</body>
</html>
运行以后: