Java学习笔记6——网络编程

Bug一号质检员

已于 2022-01-31 22:31:43 修改

阅读量1.2k

点赞数

文章标签： java 网络 udp

于 2022-01-31 17:37:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44238066/article/details/122755460

版权

基础知识

请自行翻阅《计算机网络》

查询IP地址

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            // 查询网站地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名，或者自己的电脑的名字

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

输出：

/127.0.0.1
localhost/127.0.0.1
LAPTOP-HPLQ0BU1/192.168.137.1
www.baidu.com/183.232.231.172
183.232.231.172
www.baidu.com

端口

端口：表示计算机的一个程序的进程，任务管理器里面有个PID(PortID)。不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分软件。

TCP端口和UDP端口各有65535个，所以一台计算机的端口号总数是65535*2。假如你TCP用了80，UDP也可以用80，因为这两协议不冲突。

端口分类：

公有端口：0~1023
HTTP：80
HTTPS：443
FTP：21
Telent：23
程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配给用户或者程序
Tomcat：8080
MySQL：3306
Oracle：1521
动态、私有端口：49152~65535
IDEA网页的默认端口是63342

DOS命令：

netstat -ano Dos命令 #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano fiandstr “5590” #查看指定的端口
tasklist|finderstr “8696” #查看指定端口的进程

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress);
        System.out.println(socketAddress2);

        System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址、在这里面改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口

    }
}

结果：

/127.0.0.1:8080
localhost/127.0.0.1:8080
/127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1
8080

通信协议

（详见《计算机网络》）
TCP/IP协议簇：实际上是一组协议
重要的两个：

TCP：用户传输协议,就像打电话，需要建立连接，通了才能聊天。
UDP：用户数据报协议，好比发短信，发出去就不管了。

有两个出名的协议：所以才叫TCP/IP协议簇

TCP：用户传输协议
IP：网络互连协议

TCP实现聊天

客户端：

通过Socket连接服务器
发送消息

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;

        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创立一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3.发送消息  IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，世界".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源，先关IO
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

服务端：

建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
等待用户的链接 accept
接收用户的消息

//服务端
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 一开始就定义这些是为了提升作用域，不定义的话被包裹在try块里无法在finally里调用close
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true) {
                //2.等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3.读取客户端的消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

由于服务端使用while（true）不停地监听，所以启动一次客户端，服务器端就会收到，客户端不断启动或者重复不断发送，服务端也会不停地收到。

TCP实现文件上传

客户端：

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("G:\\360MoveData\\Users\\cheng\\Desktop\\杂项\\daxiong1.png"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
            os.write(buf, 0, len);
        }

        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了(socket通知)

        //确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] buf2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buf2)) != -1) {
            baos.write(buf2, 0, len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5.关闭资源,先开后关
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直监听(等待客户端连接)
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();

    }
}

UDP

发送端：

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2.建个包
        String msg = "你好啊，接收端";

        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);

        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端：

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //还是要等待发送端的链接！
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);

        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收

        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));

        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP实现聊天

发送端：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class UdpSenderDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据：控制台读取 System.in

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true) {
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));

            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端：

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiverDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while (true) {

            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);

            //断开连接
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            //String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length,"UTF-8");
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0,packet.getLength(),"UTF-8");
            System.out.println(receiveData);

            if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP多线程在线咨询

（双方既可以是发送方也可以是接收方，所以要使用多线程）
发送方线程：


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(toIP, toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收方线程：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);

                //断开连接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());

                System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);

                if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

创建线程-学生：

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
    }
}

创建线程-老师：

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
    }
}

URL下载网络资源

URL：同一资源定位符、定位资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源
URL一般格式：

协议 : //ip地址 : 端口号 / 项目名 / 资源

URL类demo：

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=123&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件地址
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
    }
}

使用URL下载网络资源：

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class UrlDownload {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/test/ok.txt");

        //2.连接到这个资源
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("okok.txt");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);//写出这个数据
        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
    }
}