管理网络文件

###############管理网络文件##################
#网络配置目录

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
HWADDR=52:54:00:00:00:OA        #mac地址
TYPE=Ethernet                   #网络类型
BOOTPROTO=none|static|dhcp      #网络设备的工作方式（静态|静态|动态)
IPADDR0=172.25.254.200          #ip地址
PREFIX0=24                      #子网掩码
NAME=redhat                     #网络名称
ONBOOT=yes                      #网络设备开启时自动激活网卡

#示例
#配置前需用图形将以前的网络删除
#静态网络设定文件

[root@desktop145 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-redhat

配置文件内容：

DEVICE=eth0
ONBOT=yes
IPADDR=172.25.254.144
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=westos

重启网络

[root@desktop145 ~]# systemctl restart network

配置多个网络：

[root@desktop145 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-redhat

配置文件内容：

DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=172.25.254.144
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=westos
IPADDR1=172.25.45.99 #内网网段，不能写全0，全1和要连接对象的IP 例;172.25.45.250
PREFIX1=24

重启网络

[root@desktop145 ~]# systemctl restart network

#####网关####
1.把真实主机变成路由器（路由器上配置的ip就是网关）

[root@foundation45 ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@foundation45 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
trusted (active)
  target: ACCEPT
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: br0 enp0s25
  sources: 
  services: 
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no                 #地址伪装功能
  forward-ports: 
  sourceports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
[root@foundation45 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-masquerade   #开启地址伪装
success
[root@foundation45 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload                #防火墙热启动
success
[root@foundation45 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
trusted (active)
  target: ACCEPT
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: br0 enp0s25
  sources: 
  services: 
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: yes      #地址伪装功能开启，真实主机变成路由器
  forward-ports: 
  sourceports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

2.给虚拟机设定网关

`[root@desktop145 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network #全局网关，针对所有没有`设定网关的网卡上的网络生效

配置文件内容：

NETWORKING=yes
NOZEROCONF=yes
GATEWAY=172.25.254.44  #网卡中只有一个IP地址（使用全局网关）
[root@desktop145 ~]# systemctl restart network  #重启网络
[root@desktop145 ~]# route -n        #查看网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.25.254.44   0.0.0.0         UG    1024   0        0 eth0
172.25.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth0
172.25.45.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0    

##设定DNS

   vim /etc/resolv.conf 

    # Generated by NetworkManager
    search example.com
    nameserver 114.114.114.114


[root@desktop145 network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-redhat
DNS=114.114.114.114

解释

 vim /etc/hosts   #本地解析文件
    ip       域名

##系统默认优先级#

/etc/hosts  > /etc/resolv.conf

[root@desktop145 ~]# vim /etc/nsswitch.conf
39 hosts:      dns  files  #/etc/resolv.conf dns执向优先
39 hosts:      files dns   #/etc/host 优先
#####dhcp服务配置

vim /etc/hosts
172.25.254.250 content.example.com

[root@desktop145 Desktop]# yum install dhcp -y    #下载

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share//doc/dhcp-
dhcp-4.2.5/        dhcp-common-4.2.5/ 
cd /usr/share//doc/dhcp-4.2.5/
[root@localhost dhcp-4.2.5]# ls
dhcpd6.conf.example  dhcpd.conf.example  ldap
[root@localhost dhcp-4.2.5]# cp dhcpd.conf.example  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[root@localhost dhcp-4.2.5]# cd /etc/dhcp/
[root@localhost dhcp]# ls
dhclient.d  dhcpd6.conf  dhcpd.conf
[root@localhost dhcp]# vim dhcpd.conf 
	7 option domain-name "example.com";  ##域名
  	8 option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;  ##DNS
	27 删除
	28 删除
	30 subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  ##子网设定
   	31   range 172.25.254.100 172.25.254.150;	##ip池（ip范围）
 	32   option routers 172.25.254.71;     ##网关
 	33 }
	33 行以下全部删除
		
	systemctl start dhcpd
	
	###两台虚拟机都必须关闭防火墙