《第一行代码》第三章“UI开发的点点滴滴”小结

百分比布局：
在build.gradle中添加百分比布局的依赖时由于版本的不同
原句：compile ‘com.android.support:percent:24.2.1’
改为：implementation ‘androidx.percentlayout:percentlayout:1.0.0’

引入布局：
新建一个name.xml文件后，在需要添加该布局的xml中直接添加
代码：

创建自定义控件：
在创建好布局后，再新建一个类 TitleLayout （该控件的点击事件也写道这个类里），该类继承自 LinearLayout，
代码如下：

public class TitleLayout extends LinearLayout {
    public TitleLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context,attrs);
        LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.title,this,true);
        Button titleBack=(Button)findViewById(R.id.title_back);
        Button titleEdit=(Button)findViewById(R.id.title_edit);
        titleBack.setOnClickListener(new MyClickListener());
        titleEdit.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            @Override
            public  void onClick(View v){
                ((Activity)getContext()).finish();
            }
        });
    }
    public class MyClickListener implements View.OnClickListener{
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v)
        {
            ((Activity)getContext()).finish();
        }
    }

}

在构造函数中对标题栏（即刚刚自己加的布局）进行动态加载，这就需要LayoutInflater来实现。通过LayoutInflater的from()方法可以构造出一个LayoutInflater对象，然后调用inflate()方法就可以加载一个布局文件。inflate()方法接受两个参数，一个是要加载的布局文件的id，另一个是给加载好布局添加一个父布局

引用到activity_main.xml时注意此时不同于引入布局那样的方法，这时要把完整包名写出来，如：
<com.example.myapplication.TitleLayout
android:layout_width=“match_parent”
android:layout_height=“wrap_content”/>

最后在 TitleLayout 中添加点击事件。

ListView:

1. 简单用法
   先加入一个ListView

<ListView
    android:id="@+id/list_view"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

接着在MainActivity中添加一个数据，再创建适配器，适配器里要包含, 1、当前上下文，2、ListView的子布局，3、和适配的数据。然后通过setAdapter加入数据。

2.定制ListView的界面
先定义一个实体类

public class Fruit{
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
        this.name=name;
        this.imageId=imageId;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;

    }
    public int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
}

然后为ListView的子布局自定义布局fruit_item.xml（前面有讲到适配器要包括ListView的子布局）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:background="#008577"/>/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:background="#008577"/>
</LinearLayout>

然后我们创建一个自定义适配器 继承自ArrayAdapter，泛型指定为Fruit类

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<MainActivity.Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<MainActivity.Fruit> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId=textViewResourceId;
    }
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        MainActivity.Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if(convertView==null){
            view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
            viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else{
            view=convertView;
            viewHolder=(ViewHolder)view.getTag();
        }


        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view ;}
    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
}

然后添加MainActivity中的代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
   
    private List<Fruit>fruitList=new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();
        FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
                Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(i);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            }
        });
    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple=new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana=new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange=new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon=new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear=new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape=new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple=new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry=new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry=new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango=new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);

        }
    }
}

ListView 的点击事件也包含在上述代码中。

RecyclerView

RecyclerView属于新加的控件，需要在build.gradle中添加相应的依赖库
由于版本的原因，书上原句：compile ‘com.android:recyclerview-v7:24.2.1’
改为：implementation ‘androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0’

然后再activity_main.xml中添加RecyclerView控件（RecyclerView不是内置在系统SDK中的，所以需要把完整的包名写出来）

<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
    android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

同样的先给RecyclerView准备一个适配器，新建FruitAdapter类，让其继承自RecyclerView.Adapter
将泛型指为FruitAdapter.ViewHolder ,ViewHolder是我们在Fr/uitAdapter中定义 的一个内部类
代码如下：

public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
    private List<Fruit>mFruitList;
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        View fruitView;
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        public ViewHolder(View view){//通常这个参数就是RecyclerView子布局的布局
            super(view);
            fruitView=view;
            fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        }
    }
    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit>fruitList){
        mFruitList=fruitList;//将要展示的数据传进来，赋值给全局变量mFruitList后续的操作都在这个数据源上
    }
    @Override//onBindViewHolderd()方法是对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值的
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,int viewType){
        View view= LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
        final ViewHolder holder=new ViewHolder(view);
        holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                int position=holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit=mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(view.getContext(),"you clicked view   "+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v){
                int position=holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit=mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked image   "+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            }
        });
        return holder;
    }
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,int position){
        Fruit fruit=mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }
    @Override
    public int getItemCount(){
        return mFruitList.size();

    }
}

最后编辑MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView=(RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager=new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);

    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Apple"),R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Banana"),R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Orange"),R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Watermelon"),R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pear"),R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Grape"),R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pineapple"),R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Strawberry"),R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Cherry"),R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango=new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Mango"),R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);

        }

    }
    private String getRandomLengthName(String name)
    {
        Random random=new Random();
        int length=random.nextInt(20)+1;
        StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();
        for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
            builder.append(name);

        }
        return builder.toString();
    }
}