依赖注入（DI）的三种方式

        个人对依赖注入的理解是：为bean所代表的对象的属性赋值 。对象的属性有多种类型，主要包括基本数据类型、String、引用类型、集合类型、属性类型、空字符串以及空值null。在通过配置文件进行依赖注入时，主要有以下三种配置方式：

1. 有参构造器注入

        这种方式的前提是，在bean所对应的类中显式定义有参构造函数，涉及到的属性才能够使用<constructor-arg/>标签进行赋值。具体参照链接Spring IOC（控制反转）_鲸鱼-D的博客-CSDN博客中IOC创建对象方式中的方式2。

2.Set方式注入（重点）

        前提： 类中有无参构造函数（默认or显式定义）以及setter方法。

• Student类：类中的成员属性包括各种数据类型的变量

  public class Student {
  
      private String name;
      private Address address;
      private String[] books;
      private List<String> hobbies;
      private Map<String, String> card;
      private Set<String> games;
      private String wife1;
      private String wife2;
      private Properties info;
  
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
  
      public void setName(String name) {
          this.name = name;
      }
  
      public Address getAddress() {
          return address;
      }
  
      public void setAddress(Address address) {
          this.address = address;
      }
  
      public String[] getBooks() {
          return books;
      }
  
      public void setBooks(String[] books) {
          this.books = books;
      }
  
      public List<String> getHobbies() {
          return hobbies;
      }
  
      public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
          this.hobbies = hobbies;
      }
  
      public Map<String, String> getCard() {
          return card;
      }
  
      public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
          this.card = card;
      }
  
      public Set<String> getGames() {
          return games;
      }
  
      public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
          this.games = games;
      }
  
      public String getWife1() {
          return wife1;
      }
  
      public void setWife1(String wife1) {
          this.wife1 = wife1;
      }
  
      public String getWife2() {
          return wife2;
      }
  
      public void setWife2(String wife2) {
          this.wife2 = wife2;
      }
  
      public Properties getInfo() {
          return info;
      }
  
      public void setInfo(Properties info) {
          this.info = info;
      }
  
      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "Student{" +
                  "name='" + name + '\'' +
                  ", address=" + address.toString() +
                  ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                  ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                  ", card=" + card +
                  ", games=" + games +
                  ", wife1='" + wife1 + '\'' +
                  ", wife2='" + wife2 + '\'' +
                  ", info=" + info +
                  '}';
      }
  }

• 配置文件

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  
      <bean id="address" class="com.jing.pojo.Address">
          <property name="address" value="Beijing"/>
      </bean>
  
      <bean id="student" class="com.jing.pojo.Student">
          <!--基本数据类型herString注入-->
          <property name="name" value="YuJing"/>
          <!--引用类型注入-->
          <property name="address" ref="address"/>
          <!--数组类型注入-->
          <property name="books">
              <array value-type="java.lang.String">
                  <value>红楼梦</value>
                  <value>西游记</value>
                  <value>水浒传</value>
                  <value>三国演义</value>
              </array>
          </property>
          <!--单列集合List注入-->
          <property name="hobbies">
              <list value-type="java.lang.String">
                  <value>看综艺</value>
                  <value>敲代码</value>
                  <value>听歌</value>
              </list>
          </property>
          <!--双列结合Map注入-->
          <property name="card">
              <map key-type="java.lang.String" value-type="java.lang.String">
                  <entry key="YuJing" value="123456"/>
                  <entry key="JingYu" value="654321"/>
              </map>
          </property>
          <!--单列结合Set-->
          <property name="games">
              <set value-type="java.lang.String">
                  <value>LOL</value>
                  <value>COC</value>
                  <value>BOB</value>
              </set>
          </property>
          <!--空值null-->
          <property name="wife1">
              <null/>
          </property>
          <!--空字符串注入-->
          <property name="wife2" value=""/>
          <!--Properties注入-->
          <property name="info">
              <props>
                  <prop key="driver">com.mysql.jdbc.driver</prop>
                  <prop key="url">http://mysql</prop>
                  <prop key="username">root</prop>
                  <prop key="password">root</prop>
              </props>
          </property>
      </bean>
  
  </beans>

3. 扩展方式注入 

        为了简化上述两种配置方式，Spring为我们提供了与上述两种方式分别对应的扩展方式：

• c命名空间：简化方式1，除了方式1中的前提以外，还需要在配置文件中加入约束xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      
         xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
  
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  
      <!--C命名空间注入，可以通过构造器注入：construct-args-->
      <bean id="student1" class="com.jing.pojo.Student" c:name="郭靖" c:wife="黄蓉"></bean>
  
  </beans>

• p命名空间：简化方式2，除了方式2中的前提以外，还需要再配置文件中加入约束xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      
         xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  
      <!--P命名空间注入，可以通过构造器注入：property-->
      <bean id="student2" class="com.jing.pojo.Student" p:name="郭靖" p:wife="黄蓉"></bean>
  
  </beans>