前面讲了eureka服务注册与发现,但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没讲。这里的话 就要用到Ribbon,结合eureka,来实现服务的调用;
传送门
springcloud入门
springcloudEureka集群
微服务调用Ribbon
Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后,Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法,例如轮询、随机等。当然,我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时,Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表,并基于负载均衡算法,请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。
大致运行流程图:
初步使用:(在之前的博客中,我们的消费端是直接访问到了生产端,并不是真正的微服务,所有这里我们开始将消费端访问到服务中心)
Ribbon是客户端负载均衡,所以是集成的消费端,也就是本篇博客中的microservice-student-consumer-80
pom依赖
<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.yml(结合eureka使用服务端)
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.onlyk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.onlyk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.onlyk.com:2003/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false
SpringCloudConfig(之前没有使用Ribbon负载均衡)
package com.onlyk.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@LoadBalanced // 引入ribbon负载均衡
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
启动类(之前没有使用eureka)
package com.onlyk.microservicestudentconsumer80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
}
}
StudentConsumerController(这里还有一个,要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST,改成指定的微服务应用名称)
package com.onlyk.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
import com.onlyk.microservicecommon.util.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
private boolean save(Student student){
return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
}
在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置,指定下应用名称:
application:
name: microservice-student
测试:先启动三个服务中心,再启动生产端,再消费端
结果图:
Ribbon负载均衡
为了产生对比性,这里新创建一个项目搭建了集群的microservice-student-provider(三合一,不懂的传送门第二篇)基本和原来的生产端差不多
pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.onlyk</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.onlyk</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 下面两个可以不要 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--xiang向Eureka中注册服务 加上eureka客户端依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
---
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1001
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.onlyk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.onlyk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.onlyk.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.onlyk
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://onlyk.com
phone: 123456
---
server:
port: 1002
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1002
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.onlyk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.onlyk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.onlyk.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.onlyk
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://onlyk.com
phone: 123456
---
server:
port: 1003
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1003
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1003
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.onlyk.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.onlyk.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.onlyk.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.onlyk
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://onlyk.com
phone: 123456
启动类
package com.onlyk.microservicestudentprovider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.onlyk.*.*")//jpa的扫描包
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
StudentProviderController
package com.onlyk.microservicestudentprovider.controller;
import com.onlyk.microservicecommon.util.Student;
import com.onlyk.microservicestudentprovider.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
public boolean save(Student student){
try{
studentService.save(student);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return studentService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return studentService.findById(id);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
studentService.delete(id);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}
}
StudentConsumerController
package com.onlyk.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
import com.onlyk.microservicecommon.util.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
private boolean save(Student student){
return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon() {
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}
}
一样三合一的配置
先启动服务中心,再启动三个生产端,然后消费端
当有个服务宕机的时候
有可能会出现错误,但是还能给我提供服务
解决方案:就是下面的Feign来解决
Feign简介及应用
Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持,还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。这段话看起来比较懵逼,这里说下实际使用,前面Ribbon调用服务提供者,我们通
在这里插入代码片
过restTemplate调用,缺点是,多个地方调用,同一个请求要写多次,不方便统一维护,这时候Feign来了,就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient,然后其他调用Controller需要用到的,直接注入service,直接调用service方法即可;同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka,所以要配置负载均衡的话,直接配置Ribbon即可,无其他特殊地方;当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护,断路器Hystrix,后面再说。
应用
修改 microservice-common导入pom依赖
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
新写入StudentClientService
package com.onlyk.microservicecommon.service;
import com.onlyk.microservicecommon.util.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Student Feign接口客户端
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {
/**
* 根据id查询学生信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
/**
* 查询学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/list")
public List<Student> list();
/**
* 添加或者修改学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value="/student/save")
public boolean save(Student student);
/**
* 根据id删除学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
public String ribbon();
}
为做区分对比,新创建消费端(使用feign)
microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.onlyk</groupId>
<artifactId>t237microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.onlyk</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.onlyk</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
SpringCloudConfig
package com.example.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@LoadBalanced // 引入ribbon负载均衡
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
/**
* 自定义调用规则(服务提供者掉线后不再调用,解决轮询问题)
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RetryRule();
// return new RandomRule();
}
}
StudentConsumerController
package com.example.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;
import com.onlyk.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import com.onlyk.microservicecommon.util.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
@Autowired
private StudentClientService studentClientService;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value = "/save")
private boolean save(Student student) {
return studentClientService.save(student);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/list")
public List<Student> list() {
return studentClientService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentClientService.get(id);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
try {
studentClientService.delete(id);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return studentClientService.ribbon();
}
}
启动类
package com.example.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.onlyk.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
}
}
正常全部都可以使用
不会出现2002的端口