Spring02：基本配置与依赖注入

3 依赖注入（DI）

3.1 Setter 注入

Setter 方法注入即通过 Setter 方法为对象的属性注入值，是最常用的方式。

下面使用 Setter 注入来介绍不同类型的变量的注入方式。

首先书写测试的用例：

实体类：

package sharm.temp;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

package sharm.temp;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, Address address, String[] books, List<String> hobbys, Map<String, String> card, Set<String> games, String wife, Properties info) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.books = books;
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
        this.card = card;
        this.games = games;
        this.wife = wife;
        this.info = info;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("name="+ name
                + ",address="+ address.getAddress()
                + ",books="
        );
        for (String book:books){
            System.out.print("<<"+book+">>\t");
        }
        System.out.println("\n爱好:"+hobbys);

        System.out.println("card:"+card);

        System.out.println("games:"+games);

        System.out.println("wife:"+wife);

        System.out.println("info:"+info);

    }
}

1）常量注入

<bean id="address" class="sharm.temp.Address">
    <property name="address" value="LanXi"/>
</bean>

2）Bean 注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <property name="name" value="Sharm"/>
    <!--地址是一个引用，引用另一个 bean-->
    <property name="address" ref="address"/>
</bean>

3）数组注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <property name="books">
        <array>
            <value>三体</value>
            <value>人生</value>
            <value>活着</value>
        </array>
    </property>
</bean>

4）List 注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <property name="hobbys">
        <list>
            <value>跑步</value>
            <value>健身</value>
            <value>篮球</value>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>

5）Set 注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <property name="games">
        <set>
            <value>学习</value>
            <value>学习+1</value>
        </set>
    </property>
</bean>

6）Map 注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <property name="card">
        <map>
            <entry key="中国银行" value="12323344"/>
            <entry key="中国农业银行" value="23344444"/>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

7）Null 注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <property name="wife">
        <null/>
    </property>
</bean>

8）配置文件注入

<bean id="Student" class="sharm.temp.Student">
    <!--prop 标签对应的是配置文件-->
    <property name="info">
        <props>
            <prop key="联系方式">share_me@126.com</prop>
            <prop key="网名">是志明啊</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

3.2 构造器注入

即通过构造器初始化的过程为对象的属性注入值。

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public Student(String name, Address address, String[] books, List<String> hobbys, Map<String, String> card, Set<String> games, String wife, Properties info) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.books = books;
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
        this.card = card;
        this.games = games;
        this.wife = wife;
        this.info = info;
    }
}

3.3 其它方式注入

3.3.1 p 命名空间注入

p 命名空间注入 ，即属性命名空间注入。实体类的属性必须要设置 setter 方法。

   <！--要加上下面这一句，告诉 Spring 我们需要用 p 命名空间注入-->
<beans 
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean name="classic" class="com.example.ExampleBean">
        <property name="email" value="someone@somewhere.com"/>
    </bean>

    <bean name="p-namespace" class="com.example.ExampleBean"
        p:email="someone@somewhere.com"/>
</beans>

3.3.2 c 命名空间注入

c 命名空间注入 ，即构造器（constructor）命名空间注入。实体类的属性不仅要设置 setter 方法，而且还必须要加上有参构造器。

<！--要加上下面这一句，告诉 Spring 我们需要用 c 命名空间注入-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="beanTwo" class="x.y.ThingTwo"/>
    <bean id="beanThree" class="x.y.ThingThree"/>

    <!-- traditional declaration with optional argument names -->
    <bean id="beanOne" class="x.y.ThingOne">
        <constructor-arg name="thingTwo" ref="beanTwo"/>
        <constructor-arg name="thingThree" ref="beanThree"/>
        <constructor-arg name="email" value="something@somewhere.com"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- c-namespace declaration with argument names -->
    <bean id="beanOne" class="x.y.ThingOne" c:thingTwo-ref="beanTwo"
        c:thingThree-ref="beanThree" c:email="something@somewhere.com"/>

</beans>