LeetCode sql每日刷题2(按照出现频率)

1205. 每月交易II（中等）

Transactions 记录表

±---------------±--------+
| Column Name | Type |
±---------------±--------+
| id | int |
| country | varchar |
| state | enum |
| amount | int |
| trans_date | date |
±---------------±--------+
id 是这个表的主键。
该表包含有关传入事务的信息。
状态列是类型为 [approved（已批准）、declined（已拒绝）] 的枚举。

Chargebacks 表

±---------------±--------+
| Column Name | Type |
±---------------±--------+
| trans_id | int |
| charge_date | date |
±---------------±--------+
退单包含有关放置在事务表中的某些事务的传入退单的基本信息。
trans_id 是 transactions 表的 id 列的外键。
每项退单都对应于之前进行的交易，即使未经批准。

编写一个 SQL 查询，以查找每个月和每个国家/地区的已批准交易的数量及其总金额、退单的数量及其总金额。

注意：在您的查询中，给定月份和国家，忽略所有为零的行。

查询结果格式如下所示：

Transactions 表：
±-----±--------±---------±-------±-----------+
| id | country | state | amount | trans_date |
±-----±--------±---------±-------±-----------+
| 101 | US | approved | 1000 | 2019-05-18 |
| 102 | US | declined | 2000 | 2019-05-19 |
| 103 | US | approved | 3000 | 2019-06-10 |
| 104 | US | approved | 4000 | 2019-06-13 |
| 105 | US | approved | 5000 | 2019-06-15 |
±-----±--------±---------±-------±-----------+

Chargebacks 表：
±-----------±-----------+
| trans_id | trans_date |
±-----------±-----------+
| 102 | 2019-05-29 |
| 101 | 2019-06-30 |
| 105 | 2019-09-18 |
±-----------±-----------+

Result 表：
±---------±--------±---------------±----------------±------------------±-------------------+
| month | country | approved_count | approved_amount | chargeback_count | chargeback_amount |
±---------±--------±---------------±----------------±------------------±-------------------+
| 2019-05 | US | 1 | 1000 | 1 | 2000 |
| 2019-06 | US | 3 | 12000 | 1 | 1000 |
| 2019-09 | US | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5000 |
±---------±--------±---------------±----------------±------------------±-------------------+

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/monthly-transactions-ii
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

思路

• 1.这道题需要用到union all
  • UNION 对两个结果集进行并集操作，不包括重复行去重，同时进行默认规则的排序
  • UNION ALL 对两个结果集进行并集操作，包括重复行，不进行排序
  • 由于Union需要对查询结果集进行排序操作，当数据量较大时，若非特殊需要，尽量不要使用Union操作，而改用Union All操作，
  • 然后对Union All出来的结果执行去重操作即可，这样会使得查询的效率大大的增强
• 2.先找出退款的订单，使用inner join，代码如下

SELECT
	DATE_FORMAT( c.trans_date, '%Y-%m' ) AS MONTH,
	t.country,
	amount,
	'chargeback' AS type 
FROM
	transactions AS t
	INNER JOIN chargebacks AS c ON t.id = c.trans_id

• 3.然后找出已批准交易订单

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(t.trans_date,'%Y-%m') as MONTH,
	t.country,amount,
	'approved' as type
	FROM transactions as t
	WHERE state='approved'

4.合并两个 select 语句结果集

SELECT MONTH AS MONTH
	,
	country AS COUNTRY,
	SUM( IF ( type = 'approved', 1, 0 ) ) AS APPROVED_COUNT,
	SUM( IF ( type = 'approved', amount, 0 ) ) AS APPROVED_AMOUNT,
	SUM( IF ( type = 'chargeback', 1, 0 ) ) AS CHARGEBACK_COUNT,
	SUM( IF ( type = 'chargeback', amount, 0 ) ) AS CHARGEBACK_AMOUNT 
FROM
	(
		(
		SELECT
			DATE_FORMAT( t.trans_date, '%Y-%m' ) AS MONTH,
			t.country,
			amount,
			'approved' AS type 
		FROM
			transactions AS t 
		WHERE
			state = 'approved' 
		) UNION ALL
		(
		SELECT
			DATE_FORMAT( c.trans_date, '%Y-%m' ) AS MONTH,
			t.country,
			amount,
			'chargeback' AS type 
		FROM
			transactions AS t
			INNER JOIN chargebacks AS c ON t.id = c.trans_id 
		) 
	) AS tt 
GROUP BY
	tt.`month`,
	tt.country;

569.员工薪水中位数

Employee 表包含所有员工。Employee 表有三列：员工Id，公司名和薪水。

±----±-----------±-------+
|Id | Company | Salary |
±----±-----------±-------+
|1 | A | 2341 |
|2 | A | 341 |
|3 | A | 15 |
|4 | A | 15314 |
|5 | A | 451 |
|6 | A | 513 |
|7 | B | 15 |
|8 | B | 13 |
|9 | B | 1154 |
|10 | B | 1345 |
|11 | B | 1221 |
|12 | B | 234 |
|13 | C | 2345 |
|14 | C | 2645 |
|15 | C | 2645 |
|16 | C | 2652 |
|17 | C | 65 |
±----±-----------±-------+
请编写SQL查询来查找每个公司的薪水中位数。挑战点：你是否可以在不使用任何内置的SQL函数的情况下解决此问题。

±----±-----------±-------+
|Id | Company | Salary |
±----±-----------±-------+
|5 | A | 451 |
|6 | A | 513 |
|12 | B | 234 |
|9 | B | 1154 |
|14 | C | 2645 |
±----±-----------±-------+

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/median-employee-salary
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
方法一思路
1.对每个公司 group by 分组，确定中位数区间，统计每组的个数为N，当N为偶数时中位数为下标floor((N-1)/2)和N/2位置处的平均是，下标从 0 开始

SELECT
		e.Company,
		FLOOR( ( count( * ) - 1 ) / 2 ) AS beg,
	IF
		( count( * ) % 2 = 1, 0, 1 ) AS cnt 
	FROM
		employee AS e 
	GROUP BY
		e.Company 

• 2.计算排名
  • 薪水从小的到大排序
  • e2.salary 的数量就是e1的排名

SELECT E1.Id,E1.Company,E1.Salary, COUNT(E2.Salary) AS `trank`
	FROM employee AS E1
	LEFT JOIN employee AS E2 
		ON(E1.company = E2.company AND (E1.salary = E2.salary AND e1.Id>e2.Id or e1.Salary > e2.Salary))
	GROUP BY E1.Id,E1.Company,E1.Salary
	ORDER BY E1.Company,E1.Salary

• 3.连接两表，排名在[beg, beg+1]之间的行为中位数

SELECT
	b.id,
	b.company,
	b.Salary 
FROM
	(
	SELECT
		e.Company,
		FLOOR( ( count( * ) - 1 ) / 2 ) AS beg,
	IF
		( count( * ) % 2 = 1, 0, 1 ) AS cnt 
	FROM
		employee AS e 
	GROUP BY
		e.Company 
	) AS a
	JOIN (
	SELECT
		e1.id,
		e1.Company,
		e1.Salary,
		count( e2.Salary ) AS trank 
	FROM
		employee AS e1
		LEFT JOIN employee AS e2 ON (
			e1.Company = e2.Company 
			AND ( e1.Salary = e2.Salary AND e1.id > e2.id OR e1.Salary > e2.Salary ) )
		GROUP BY
			e1.id,
			e1.Company,
			e1.Salary 
		ORDER BY
			e1.Company,
		e1.Salary 
	) AS b ON ( a.Company = b.Company AND b.trank BETWEEN a.beg AND ( a.beg + a.cnt ) );