Java使用unmodifiableCollection保证Collection不被改变

Collections类
Collections.unmodifiableCollection/List/Set/Map(Collection c)
返回一个内部类UnmodifiableCollection（此时无法进行下转型，内部类的变量c才是真实的引用，使用相关方法unmodifiableCollection/List/Set/Map）

final Collection<? extends E> c; //c为控制的集合，内部类的所有方法都使用c的相同方法
public boolean add(E e) { //add和remove方法直接抛出异常
	throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
	throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

使用例子

abstract class Individual {
    int a;

    public Individual() {
    }

    public Individual(int a) {
        this.a = a;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Individual{" +
                "a=" + a +
                '}';
    }
}

class Student extends Individual {
    public Student(int a) {
        super(a);
    }
}
class Teacher extends Individual {
    public Teacher(int a) {
        super(a);
    }
}

public class Mytest {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
        list.add(new Student(1));
        list.add(new Teacher(2));
        List readOnly = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
        list.forEach(str -> System.out.println(str.toString()));
//        readOnly.add(new Student(3));//无法添加
//        readOnly.sort((c1, c2) -> {//无法排序
//            return Teacher.class.isInstance(c1) ? -1 : 1;
//        });
        readOnly.forEach(str -> System.out.println(str.toString()));
    }
}