搭建LNMP服务器

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已于 2024-05-21 15:09:24 修改

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签：服务器运维

于 2024-05-17 16:30:56 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44295677/article/details/138958399

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一、环境准备

Linux 采用 CentOS7
Nginx 采用 Nginx-1.24.0 安装目录/opt/nginx
Mysql 采用 Mysql-5.7.23 安装目录/opt/mysql
PHP 采用 PHP-7.3.5 安装目录/opt/php

用于测试环境，搭建在虚拟机上，只准备了一台虚拟机，所有服务都搭建在一台虚拟机上。正式环境至少准备两台。

二、搭建CentOS7 虚拟环境

1、配置YUM源

1.1 下载wget命令

yum -y install wget

1.2 备份老的YUM源文件

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir bak
mv *.repo bak

1.3 下载阿里云官网CentOS YUM源文件

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

1.4 下载阿里云官网Epel YUM源文件

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

1.5 生成新缓存

# 删除旧的缓存
yum clean all
# 生成新的缓存
yum makecache
# 查看当前使用列表
yum repolist

1.6 安装软件测试

yum -y install bash-completion
yum -y install net-tools

2、关闭Selinux

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

3、检查网络连接状况

ping www.baidu.com

三、搭建Nginx服务

1、下载Nginx需要用到的第三方依赖

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel httpd-tools make gcc gcc-c++

包含：
支持静态资源压缩的gzip lib库
支持URL重写的pcre库
支持HTTPS的openssl
perl开发的依赖库

2、下载Nginx二进制包

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

3、解压

tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

4、编译三部曲

4.1 创建工作目录

mkdir -p /opt/nginx

4.2 执行编译脚本

# 进入解压目录
cd 解压目录/nginx-1.24.0

# 执行编译脚本
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-threads --with-file-aio

4.3 编译

make

4.4 安装

make install

5、配置环境变量

ln -s /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

# 创建Nginx工作用户
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx

6、修改Nginx配置文件

vi /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

# 修改配置如下
# 工作用户为nginx
user  nginx;
worker_processes  2;

error_log  logs/error.log;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    gzip  on;
    # gzip压缩等级，有1-9级，级别越高压缩率越高，但传输时间越久
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    # gzip支持压缩的文件类型
    gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/png image/jpg;
    # nginx支持的gzip版本，默认使用1.0
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    # 引用extra目录下的配置文件

    include extra/*.conf;

}

7、配置虚拟站点配置文件

mkdir -p /opt/nginx/conf/extra

vi /opt/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf

# 配置如下
server {
    listen  80;
    server_name localhost;
    
    location / {
        root /opt/www/html;
        index index.html;
    }
}

8、编写启动脚本

vi /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=Nginx server by fortunate
Documentation=man:nginx(8)
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true

9、启动服务并设置开机自启动

systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service

10、简单测试

10.1 创建站点目录

mkdir -p /opt/www/html

10.2 编写index.html

echo "welocome to Nginx" > /opt/www/html/index.html

浏览器输入虚拟机IP，查看是否如下

四、搭建MySQL服务

1、删除CentOS自带的mariadb数据库

rpm -qa | grep mariadb

rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps

2、下载MySQL二进制安装包

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar

3、解压

# 解压缩后会有两个tar.gz包
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

4、配置

# 创建工作目录
mv mysql-5.7.23-el7-x86_64/ /opt/mysql

# 创建mysql用户
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

# 创建数据和日志存放目录
mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data
mkdir -p /opt/mysql/logs

# 修改权限
chown -R mysql: /opt/mysql/data
chown -R mysql: /opt/mysql/logs

# 创建mysql配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf

# 服务端配置
[mysqld]
basedir=/opt/mysql/
datadir=/opt/mysql/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
server_id=1
port=3306
log_error=/opt/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log
character-set-server=utf8mb4  
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# 客户端配置
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

5、编译MySQL

/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/

6、配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile

# 最后添加一行配置
PATH="${PATH}:/opt/mysql/bin/"

# 加载配置
source /etc/profile

7、创建启动脚本

vi /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

[Unit]
Description=MySQL server by fortunate
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev/mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFIL=5000

8、启动服务

# 启动服务
systemctl start mysql.service

# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable mysql.service

9、简单测试

9.1 登录MySQL

# 首次登录，不需要输入密码，直接回车即可
mysql -uroot -p


Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

9.2 设置密码

mysqladmin -uroot password "your_password"

五、搭建PHP服务

1、下载PHP所需用到的第三方依赖

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel

# libicov-devel依赖通过二进制安装
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.15.tar.gz
# 解压
tar -zxvf libiconv-1.15.tar.gz
# 创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/libiconv
# 执行脚本
./configure --prefix=/opt/libiconv
# 编译安装
make && make install

2、下载PHP二进制包

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-7.3.5.tar.gz

3、解压

tar -zxvf php-7.3.5.tar.gz

# 创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/php

4、编译三部曲

# 执行脚本
./configure --prefix=/opt/php \
 --enable-mysqlnd \
 --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
 --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
# libiconv安装目录位置
 --with-iconv-dir=/opt/libiconv \
 --with-jpeg-dir \
 --with-png-dir \
 --with-zlib \
 --with-libxml-dir=/usr \
 --enable-xml \
 --disable-rpath \
 --enable-bcmath \
 --enable-shmop \
 --enable-sysvsem \
 --enable-inline-optimization \
 --with-curl \
 --enable-mbregex \
 --enable-fpm \
 --enable-mbstring \
 --with-gd \
 --with-openssl \
 --with-mhash \
 --enable-pcntl \
 --enable-sockets \
 --with-xmlrpc \
 --enable-soap \
 --enable-short-tags \
 --enable-static \
 --with-xsl \
# 运行Nginx的用户
 --with-fpm-user=nginx \
# 运行Nginx的组
 --with-fpm-group=nginx \
 --enable-ftp \
 --enable-opcache=no

# 编译安装
make && make install

5、配置环境变量

ln -s /opt/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/bin/php-fpm

6、修改配置

cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /opt/configure/php-7.3.5/php.ini-development /opt/php/lib/php.ini
cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

vi /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
# 旧的配置
;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
# 修改为，“；”代表注释，需要删除
pid = /opt/php/php-fpm.pid

7、启动服务

# 编写启动脚本
vi /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/opt/php/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/opt/php/sbin/php-fpm
ExecStop=/bin/kill -9 php-fpm
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 启动服务
systemctl start php-fpm.service

# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable php-fpm.service

8、查看服务是否启动

# 查看进程是否存在
ps -ef | grep php
root      17631      1  0 05:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx     17632  17631  0 05:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx     17633  17631  0 05:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www

# 查看端口是否存在
netstat -nptl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      17631/php-fpm: mast

9、简单测试

9.1 修改nginx配置文件

# 修改配置
vi /opt/nginx/conf/extra/test.conf

server {
    listen  80;
    server_name localhost;

    location / {
        root /opt/www/html;
        index index.html;
    }
# 新增一个location
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
        root /opt/www/php;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi.conf;
    }
}

9.2 重新加载配置

nginx -s reload

9.3 创建php文件

# 创建php目录
mkdir -p /opt/www/php

# 创建index.php
echo "<?php phpinfo();?>" > /opt/www/php/index.php

9.4 浏览器输入IP/index.php

六、LNMP测试

1、测试PHP和MySQL之间的连通性

1.1 编写php文件，连接mysql

vi /opt/www/php/mysql_connect.php

<?php
$link_id=new mysqli('127.0.0.1','root','final12345');
if($link_id->connect_error){
    die("Connection failed: " . $link_id->connect_error);
}

echo "successfully";

$link_id->close();
?>

1.2 浏览器输入IP/mysql_connect.php测试

2、编写简单的学生信息查询页面

2.1 创建数据库

mysql> create database test character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

2.2 创建表

use test;
create table student(id int not null, name varchar(30), age int);

2.3 新增数据

mysql> insert into student values(1, "张三", 16);
mysql> insert into student values(2, "李四", 15);
mysql> insert into student values(3, "王五", 16);

2.4 赋予权限

grant all privileges on test.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'mysql_password' with grant option;

flush privileges;

2.5 编写php脚本

vi /opt/www/php/student.php

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>学生信息首页</title>
<body>
    <h1 align="center">学生信息</h1>
    <form action="" method="post" name="indexf">
        <p align="center"><input type="text" name="sel" /><input type="submit" value="搜索" name="selsub" /></p>
        <table align="center" border="1px" cellspacing="0px" width="800px">
            <tr><th>学号</th><th>姓名</th><th>年龄</th></tr>
            <?php
                $link_id=new mysqli('127.0.0.1','root','final12345','test');
                if($link_id->connect_error){
                   die("Connection failed: " . $link_id->connect_error);
                }
                if (empty($_POST["selsub"])) {
                   $res=mysqli_query($link_id,"select * from student order by id");
                } else {
                   $sel = $_POST["sel"];
                   $res=mysqli_query($link_id,"select * from student where id like '%$sel%'");
                }
                while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res)) {
                    echo '<tr>';
                    echo "<td>$row[0]</td><td>$row[1]</td><td>$row[2]</td>";
                    echo '</tr>';
                }
            ?>
        </table>
    </form>
</body>
</head>
</html>

2.6 测试

浏览器输入IP/student.php，得到如下结果，可以跟据id搜索信息

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搭建LNMP服务器

LNMP 架构通常用于构建高性能、可扩展的 Web 应用程序。Nginx 作为前端 Web 服务器，负责处理 HTTP 请求和响应，并将请求代理到后端 PHP 应用程序（通过 FastCGI、PHP-FPM 等）。PHP 应用程序与 MySQL数据库进行交互，以存储和检索数据。
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