python学习笔记小结(2)
1、python推导式
主要是列表推导式
list = [i for i in range(100)]
print(list)#会打印出从0到99
输出:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
list = [i for i in range(100) if i%2==0]
print(list)#会打印0-99里的所有偶数
输出:
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98]
2、条件控制
(1)if语句
time = 9
state = 0
if time < 9:
print('吃早餐')
else:
print('睡到十二点')
(2)循环语句
python循环语句只有for和while;for语句可以迭代任何对象
list1 = [1,5,6,'a','b']
for i in list1:
print(i)
list1 = [1,5,6,'a','b']
for i in list1:
print(i)
输出:
1
5
6
a
b
dic1 = {'xiaoxiao':21,'nn':22}
for k,v in dic1.items(): #对字典的遍历,要k v两个值,用到items()内置函数
print(k,v)
输出:
xiaoxiao 21
nn 22
#索引和对应值都取出来
list1 = [1,5,6,'a','b']
for idx,value in enumerate(list1):
print(idx,value)
输出:
0 1
1 5
2 6
3 a
4 b
3、遍历技巧
#想循环多少次时,直接用range函数
for i in range(10):
if i ==7:
break
else:
print(i)
输出:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
#同时遍历多个序列,用zip()函数
list1 = ['name','age','herght']
list2 = ['xiaoxiao','21','160']
for i,j in zip(list1,list2):
print(i,j)
输出:
name xiaoxiao
age 21
herght 160
#reversed函数
for i in reversed(range(10)):
print(i)
输出:
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
#排序取出
num = [1,2,4,2,4,7,8,4,3]
for i in sorted(num):
print(i)
输出:
1
2
2
3
4
4
4
7
8
4、pass语句
先过掉它,不执行它,限制性下一条语句,用在编写程序不完整时,没有什么其他意思。
#pass语句,不做任何事情,用来占位
for i in range(10):#for循环里啥也没干,先过掉,先去实现接下来的功能
pass
print('hello')
输出:
hello
5、迭代器
#迭代器,调用一个next就输出一个元素,迭代器记得当前遍历的位置
list1 = [1,2,3,4]
it = iter(list1)#创建迭代器
print(next(it))#输出迭代器的下一个元素
print(next(it))#输出迭代器的下一个元素
输出:
1
2
6、函数
自定义函数:
#定义一个函数
def tiji(x,y,z):
v=x*y*z
return z
tiji(2,3,4)
输出:4
#传参时不定参数
def shuchu(a,*b):
print(a)
print(b)
shuchu(1)
输出:
1
()
#传参时不定参数
def shuchu(a,*b):
print(a)
print(b)
shuchu(1)
shuchu(2,3,4,5)#一个星号以元组的形式
输出:
1
()
2
(3, 4, 5)
def shuchu(a,**b):
print(a)
print(b)
shuchu(2,c=3,d=4,e=5)#两个星号以字典的形式存储,但是字典得有关键字
输出:
2
{‘c’: 3, ‘d’: 4, ‘e’: 5}
#混合使用,元组必须写在前面
def printme(*a,**b):
print(a)
print(b)
printme(1,2,3,4)#传的都是a,传b要有关键字
printme(1,2,c=3,d=4)
输出:
(1, 2, 3, 4)
{}
(1, 2)
{‘c’: 3, ‘d’: 4}