HttpClient详细使用示例

    /**
	 * GET---无参测试
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
	 */
	@Test
	public void doGetTestOne() {
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
		// 创建Get请求
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:12345/doGetControllerOne");
 
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

    /**
	 * GET---有参测试 (方式一:手动在url后面加上参数)
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:19:23
	 */
	@Test
	public void doGetTestWayOne() {
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
 
		// 参数
		StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();
		try {
			// 字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
			params.append("name=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
			params.append("&");
			params.append("age=24");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
 
		// 创建Get请求
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:12345/doGetControllerTwo" + "?" + params);
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 配置信息
			RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
					// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)
					.setConnectTimeout(5000)
					// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)
					.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
					// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)
					.setSocketTimeout(5000)
					// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)
					.setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();
 
			// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里
			httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
 
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
 
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

    /**
	 * GET---有参测试 (方式二:将参数放入键值对类中,再放入URI中,从而通过URI得到HttpGet实例)
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:19:23
	 */
	@Test
	public void doGetTestWayTwo() {
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
 
		// 参数
		URI uri = null;
		try {
			// 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中
			List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
			params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "&"));
			params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("age", "18"));
			// 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;
			// 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String value)
			uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost")
					              .setPort(12345).setPath("/doGetControllerTwo")
					              .setParameters(params).build();
		} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		// 创建Get请求
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
 
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 配置信息
			RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
					// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)
					.setConnectTimeout(5000)
					// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)
					.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
					// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)
					.setSocketTimeout(5000)
					// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)
					.setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();
 
			// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里
			httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
 
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
 
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

    /**
	 * POST---无参测试
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
	 */
	@Test
	public void doPostTestOne() {
 
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
 
		// 创建Post请求
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerOne");
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
 
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

    /**
	 * POST---有参测试(普通参数)
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
	 */
	@Test
	public void doPostTestFour() {
 
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
 
		// 参数
		StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();
		try {
			// 字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来，某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)
			params.append("name=" + URLEncoder.encode("&", "utf-8"));
			params.append("&");
			params.append("age=24");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
 
		// 创建Post请求
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerFour" + "?" + params);
 
		// 设置ContentType(注:如果只是传普通参数的话,ContentType不一定非要用application/json)
		httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
 //设置超时时间
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  
        .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)  
        .setSocketTimeout(5000).build(); 
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「huayang183」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18671415/article/details/105859423
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
 
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * POST---有参测试(对象参数)
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
	 */
	@Test
	public void doPostTestTwo() {
 
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
 
		// 创建Post请求
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerTwo");
		User user = new User();
		user.setName("潘晓婷");
		user.setAge(18);
		user.setGender("女");
		user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");
		// 我这里利用阿里的fastjson，将Object转换为json字符串;
		// (需要导入com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON包)
		String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);
 
		StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8");
 
		// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中
		httpPost.setEntity(entity);
 
		httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
 
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
 
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * POST---有参测试(普通参数 + 对象参数)
	 *
	 * @date 2018年7月13日 下午4:18:50
	 */
	@Test
	public void doPostTestThree() {
 
		// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
 
		// 创建Post请求
		// 参数
		URI uri = null;
		try {
			// 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中
			List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
			params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("flag", "4"));
			params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("meaning", "这是什么鬼？"));
			// 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;
			// 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String value)
			uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost").setPort(12345)
					.setPath("/doPostControllerThree").setParameters(params).build();
		} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
 
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
		// HttpPost httpPost = new
		// HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerThree1");
 
		// 创建user参数
		User user = new User();
		user.setName("潘晓婷");
		user.setAge(18);
		user.setGender("女");
		user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");
 
		// 将user对象转换为json字符串，并放入entity中
		StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(user), "UTF-8");
 
		// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中
		httpPost.setEntity(entity);
 
		httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
 
		// 响应模型
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			// 从响应模型中获取响应实体
			HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
 
			System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
			if (responseEntity != null) {
				System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
				System.out.println("响应内容为:" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 释放资源
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

/**
 * 根据是否是https请求，获取HttpClient客户端
 *
 * TODO 本人这里没有进行完美封装。对于 校不校验校验证书的选择，本人这里是写死
 *      在代码里面的，你们在使用时，可以灵活二次封装。
 *
 * 提示: 此工具类的封装、相关客户端、服务端证书的生成，可参考我的这篇博客:
 *      <linked>https://blog.csdn.net/justry_deng/article/details/91569132</linked>
 *
 *
 * @param isHttps 是否是HTTPS请求
 *
 * @return  HttpClient实例
 * @date 2019/9/18 17:57
 */
private CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient(boolean isHttps) {
   CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
   if (isHttps) {
      SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;
      try {
         /// 如果不作证书校验的话
         sslSocketFactory = getSocketFactory(false, null, null);
 
         /// 如果需要证书检验的话
         // 证书
         //InputStream ca = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("client/ds.crt");
         // 证书的别名，即:key。 注:cAalias只需要保证唯一即可，不过推荐使用生成keystore时使用的别名。
         // String cAalias = System.currentTimeMillis() + "" + new SecureRandom().nextInt(1000);
         //sslSocketFactory = getSocketFactory(true, ca, cAalias);
      } catch (Exception e) {
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
      httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory).build();
      return httpClient;
   }
   httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
   return httpClient;
}
 
/**
 * HTTPS辅助方法, 为HTTPS请求 创建SSLSocketFactory实例、TrustManager实例
 *
 * @param needVerifyCa
 *         是否需要检验CA证书(即:是否需要检验服务器的身份)
 * @param caInputStream
 *         CA证书。(若不需要检验证书，那么此处传null即可)
 * @param cAalias
 *         别名。(若不需要检验证书，那么此处传null即可)
 *         注意:别名应该是唯一的， 别名不要和其他的别名一样，否者会覆盖之前的相同别名的证书信息。别名即key-value中的key。
 *
 * @return SSLConnectionSocketFactory实例
 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
 *         异常信息
 * @throws CertificateException
 *         异常信息
 * @throws KeyStoreException
 *         异常信息
 * @throws IOException
 *         异常信息
 * @throws KeyManagementException
 *         异常信息
 * @date 2019/6/11 19:52
 */
private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSocketFactory(boolean needVerifyCa, InputStream caInputStream, String cAalias)
      throws CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException,
      IOException, KeyManagementException {
   X509TrustManager x509TrustManager;
   // https请求，需要校验证书
   if (needVerifyCa) {
      KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(caInputStream, cAalias);
      TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
      trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
      TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
      if (trustManagers.length != 1 || !(trustManagers[0] instanceof X509TrustManager)) {
         throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected default trust managers:" + Arrays.toString(trustManagers));
      }
      x509TrustManager = (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0];
      // 这里传TLS或SSL其实都可以的
      SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
      sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, new SecureRandom());
      return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
   }
   // https请求，不作证书校验
   x509TrustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
      @Override
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
      }
 
      @Override
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
         // 不验证
      }
 
      @Override
      public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
         return new X509Certificate[0];
      }
   };
   SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
   sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, new SecureRandom());
   return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
}
 
/**
 * 获取(密钥及证书)仓库
 * 注:该仓库用于存放 密钥以及证书
 *
 * @param caInputStream
 *         CA证书(此证书应由要访问的服务端提供)
 * @param cAalias
 *         别名
 *         注意:别名应该是唯一的， 别名不要和其他的别名一样，否者会覆盖之前的相同别名的证书信息。别名即key-value中的key。
 * @return 密钥、证书 仓库
 * @throws KeyStoreException 异常信息
 * @throws CertificateException 异常信息
 * @throws IOException 异常信息
 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 异常信息
 * @date 2019/6/11 18:48
 */
private static KeyStore getKeyStore(InputStream caInputStream, String cAalias)
      throws KeyStoreException, CertificateException, IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
   // 证书工厂
   CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
   // 秘钥仓库
   KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
   keyStore.load(null);
   keyStore.setCertificateEntry(cAalias, certificateFactory.generateCertificate(caInputStream));
   return keyStore;
}

<!--
     如果需要灵活的传输文件，引入此依赖后会更加方便
-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
	<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
	<version>4.5.5</version>
</dependency>

/**
 *
 * 发送文件
 *
 * multipart/form-data传递文件(及相关信息)
 *
 * 注:如果想要灵活方便的传输文件的话，
 *    除了引入org.apache.httpcomponents基本的httpclient依赖外
 *    再额外引入org.apache.httpcomponents的httpmime依赖。
 *    追注:即便不引入httpmime依赖，也是能传输文件的，不过功能不够强大。
 *
 */
@Test
public void test4() {
   CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
   HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/file");
   CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
   try {
      MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
      // 第一个文件
      String filesKey = "files";
      File file1 = new File("C:\\Users\\JustryDeng\\Desktop\\back.jpg");
      multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody(filesKey, file1);
      // 第二个文件(多个文件的话，使用同一个key就行，后端用数组或集合进行接收即可)
      File file2 = new File("C:\\Users\\JustryDeng\\Desktop\\头像.jpg");
      // 防止服务端收到的文件名乱码。 我们这里可以先将文件名URLEncode，然后服务端拿到文件名时在URLDecode。就能避免乱码问题。
      // 文件名其实是放在请求头的Content-Disposition里面进行传输的，如其值为form-data; name="files"; filename="头像.jpg"
      multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody(filesKey, file2, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY, URLEncoder.encode(file2.getName(), "utf-8"));
      // 其它参数(注:自定义contentType，设置UTF-8是为了防止服务端拿到的参数出现乱码)
      ContentType contentType = ContentType.create("text/plain", Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
      multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("name", "邓沙利文", contentType);
      multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("age", "25", contentType);
 
      HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();
      httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
 
      response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
      HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
      System.out.println("HTTPS响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
      if (responseEntity != null) {
         System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
         // 主动设置编码，来防止响应乱码
         String responseStr = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容为:" + responseStr);
      }
   } catch (ParseException | IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
      try {
         // 释放资源
         if (httpClient != null) {
            httpClient.close();
         }
         if (response != null) {
            response.close();
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

/**
 *
 * 发送流
 *
 */
@Test
public void test5() {
   CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
   HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/is?name=邓沙利文");
   CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
   try {
      InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream("流啊流~".getBytes());
      InputStreamEntity ise = new InputStreamEntity(is);
      httpPost.setEntity(ise);
 
      response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
      HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
      System.out.println("HTTPS响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());
      if (responseEntity != null) {
         System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容长度为:" + responseEntity.getContentLength());
         // 主动设置编码，来防止响应乱码
         String responseStr = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容为:" + responseStr);
      }
   } catch (ParseException | IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
      try {
         // 释放资源
         if (httpClient != null) {
            httpClient.close();
         }
         if (response != null) {
            response.close();
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

转载地址：https://blog.csdn.net/justry_deng/article/details/81042379