Spring Boot + MyBatis + MySQL读写分离

往期热门文章:

 
 
 
 
 
 
1、从MySQL 5.6升级到8.0,Facebook付出了惨痛代价……
2、吊打 ThreadLocal,谈谈FastThreadLocal为啥能这么快?
3、手写了一个简单的JSON解析器,网友直乎:牛!
4、代码写的垃圾被嫌弃?
5、Redis的这些拓展方案

1.  引言


读写分离要做的事情就是对于一条SQL该选择哪个数据库去执行,至于谁来做选择数据库这件事儿,无非两个,要么中间件帮我们做,要么程序自己做。因此,一般来讲,读写分离有两种实现方式。

第一种是依靠中间件(比如:MyCat),也就是说应用程序连接到中间件,中间件帮我们做SQL分离;第二种是应用程序自己去做分离。这里我们选择程序自己来做,主要是利用Spring提供的路由数据源,以及AOP。

然而,应用程序层面去做读写分离最大的弱点(不足之处)在于无法动态增加数据库节点,因为数据源配置都是写在配置中的,新增数据库意味着新加一个数据源,必然改配置,并重启应用。当然,好处就是相对简单。

fe551c9fc7944e769639cce49f292668.png

2.  AbstractRoutingDataSource


基于特定的查找key路由到特定的数据源。它内部维护了一组目标数据源,并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射,提供基于key查找数据源的方法。

aaec211bba687ddf3973220f6423ee06.png

3.  实践


关于配置请参考《MySQL主从复制配置》

地址:www.cnblogs.com/cjsblog/p/9706370.html

3.1.  maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>cjs-datasource-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>cjs-datasource-demo</name>
    <description></description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>


            <!--<plugin>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.5</version>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                        <version>5.1.46</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
                <configuration>
                    <configurationFile>${basedir}/src/main/resources/myBatisGeneratorConfig.xml</configurationFile>
                    <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>Generate MyBatis Artifacts</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>generate</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>-->

        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3.2.  数据源配置

application.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    master:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.31:3306/test
      username: root
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    slave1:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.56:3306/test
      username: pig # 只读账户
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    slave2:
      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.36:3306/test
      username: pig # 只读账户
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

多数据源配置

/**
 * 关于数据源配置,参考SpringBoot官方文档第79章《Data Access》
 * 79. Data Access
 * 79.1 Configure a Custom DataSource
 * 79.2 Configure Two DataSources
 */

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.master")
    public DataSource masterDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave1")
    public DataSource slave1DataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave2")
    public DataSource slave2DataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource myRoutingDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,
                                          @Qualifier("slave1DataSource") DataSource slave1DataSource,
                                          @Qualifier("slave2DataSource") DataSource slave2DataSource) {
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.MASTER, masterDataSource);
        targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1, slave1DataSource);
        targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2, slave2DataSource);
        MyRoutingDataSource myRoutingDataSource = new MyRoutingDataSource();
        myRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
        myRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        return myRoutingDataSource;
    }

}

这里,我们配置了4个数据源,1个master,2两个slave,1个路由数据源。前3个数据源都是为了生成第4个数据源,而且后续我们只用这最后一个路由数据源。

MyBatis配置

@EnableTransactionManagement
@Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {

    @Resource(name = "myRoutingDataSource")
    private DataSource myRoutingDataSource;

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(myRoutingDataSource);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(myRoutingDataSource);
    }
}

由于 Spring 容器中现在有4个数据源,所以我们需要为事务管理器和MyBatis手动指定一个明确的数据源。

3.3.  设置路由key / 查找数据源

目标数据源就是那前3个这个我们是知道的,但是使用的时候是如果查找数据源的呢?

首先,我们定义一个枚举来代表这三个数据源

package com.cjs.example.enums;

public enum DBTypeEnum {

    MASTER, SLAVE1, SLAVE2;

}

接下来,通过ThreadLocal将数据源设置到每个线程上下文中

public class DBContextHolder {

    private static final ThreadLocal<DBTypeEnum> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();

    private static final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(-1);

    public static void set(DBTypeEnum dbType) {
        contextHolder.set(dbType);
    }

    public static DBTypeEnum get() {
        return contextHolder.get();
    }

    public static void master() {
        set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER);
        System.out.println("切换到master");
    }

    public static void slave() {
        // 轮询
        int index = counter.getAndIncrement() % 2;
        if (counter.get() > 9999) {
            counter.set(-1);
        }
        if (index == 0) {
            set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1);
            System.out.println("切换到slave1");
        }else {
            set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2);
            System.out.println("切换到slave2");
        }
    }

}

获取路由key

package com.cjs.example.bean;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

public class MyRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DBContextHolder.get();
    }

}

设置路由key

默认情况下,所有的查询都走从库,插入/修改/删除走主库。我们通过方法名来区分操作类型(CRUD)

@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {

    @Pointcut("!@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +
            "&& (execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.select*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.get*(..)))")
    public void readPointcut() {

    }

    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.insert*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.add*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.update*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.edit*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.delete*(..)) " +
            "|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.remove*(..))")
    public void writePointcut() {

    }

    @Before("readPointcut()")
    public void read() {
        DBContextHolder.slave();
    }

    @Before("writePointcut()")
    public void write() {
        DBContextHolder.master();
    }


    /**
     * 另一种写法:if...else... 判断哪些需要读从数据库,其余的走主数据库
     */
// @Before("execution(* com.cjs.example.service.impl.*.*(..))")
// public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
// String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
//
// if (StringUtils.startsWithAny(methodName, "get", "select", "find")) {
// DBContextHolder.slave();
// }else {
// DBContextHolder.master();
// }
// }
}

有一般情况就有特殊情况,特殊情况是某些情况下我们需要强制读主库,针对这种情况,我们定义一个主键,用该注解标注的就读主库

package com.cjs.example.annotation;

public @interface Master {
}

例如,假设我们有一张表member

@Service
public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {

    @Autowired
    private MemberMapper memberMapper;

    @Transactional
    @Override
    public int insert(Member member) {
        return memberMapper.insert(member);
    }

    @Master
    @Override
    public int save(Member member) {
        return memberMapper.insert(member);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Member> selectAll() {
        return memberMapper.selectByExample(new MemberExample());
    }

    @Master
    @Override
    public String getToken(String appId) {
        // 有些读操作必须读主数据库
        // 比如,获取微信access_token,因为高峰时期主从同步可能延迟
        // 这种情况下就必须强制从主数据读
        return null;
    }
}

4.  测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class CjsDatasourceDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private MemberService memberService;

    @Test
    public void testWrite() {
        Member member = new Member();
        member.setName("zhangsan");
        memberService.insert(member);
    }

    @Test
    public void testRead() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            memberService.selectAll();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        Member member = new Member();
        member.setName("wangwu");
        memberService.save(member);
    }

    @Test
    public void testReadFromMaster() {
        memberService.getToken("1234");
    }

}

查看控制台

d31c29949901cde5bfb6370e4232bef5.png

0bf829e7947c8501d0815842292ad630.png

a40341f0fe5e91982d37a18b17a02f83.png

4a38383f4795476e1b9d406077124549.png

5.  工程结构


e10225f3b8527669d3001d87351b78ab.png

6.  参考

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f2f4256a2310
http://www.cnblogs.com/gl-developer/p/6170423.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/huangjuncong/p/8576935.html
https://blog.csdn.net/liu976180578/article/details/77684583
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
最近热文阅读:

1、从MySQL 5.6升级到8.0,Facebook付出了惨痛代价……

2、吊打 ThreadLocal,谈谈FastThreadLocal为啥能这么快?

3、手写了一个简单的JSON解析器,网友直乎:牛!

4、代码写的垃圾被嫌弃?

5、Redis的这些拓展方案

6、MySQL的自增 ID 用完了,怎么办?

7、多线程环境下,HashMap为什么会出现死循环?

8、10个经典场景带你玩转SQL优化

9、你真的会写for循环吗?来看看这些常见的for循环优化方式

10、编写Spring MVC控制器的14个技巧

792e77ff641d1aa011c7be45dd16f7d3.png

关注公众号,你想要的Java都在这里

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
实现读写分离可以利用 SpringBootMybatisPlus 和 Druid 进行配置。下面是一个简单的实现过程: 1. 添加 MybatisPlus 和 Druid 的 Maven 依赖。 ```xml <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.4.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.2.6</version> </dependency> ``` 2. 在配置文件中添加 Druid 数据源相关配置。 ```yaml spring: datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_name?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource druid: initialSize: 5 maxActive: 10 minIdle: 5 maxWait: 60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000 validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL testWhileIdle: true testOnBorrow: false testOnReturn: false poolPreparedStatements: true maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20 filters: stat,wall,log4j connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000 ``` 3. 配置 MybatisPlus 的多数据源功能。 ```java @Configuration public class DataSourceConfig { @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master") public DataSource masterDataSource() { return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave") public DataSource slaveDataSource() { return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource, @Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource slaveDataSource) { Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>(); targetDataSources.put(DataSourceType.MASTER.getType(), masterDataSource); targetDataSources.put(DataSourceType.SLAVE.getType(), slaveDataSource); return new DynamicDataSource(masterDataSource, targetDataSources); } } ``` 4. 创建一个 DataSourceHolder 类,用于保存当前线程的数据源类型。 ```java public class DataSourceHolder { private static final ThreadLocal<String> HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static String getDataSource() { return HOLDER.get(); } public static void setDataSource(String dataSource) { HOLDER.set(dataSource); } public static void clearDataSource() { HOLDER.remove(); } } ``` 5. 创建一个枚举类型 DataSourceType,用于表示数据源类型。 ```java public enum DataSourceType { MASTER("master"), SLAVE("slave"); private final String type; DataSourceType(String type) { this.type = type; } public String getType() { return type; } } ``` 6. 创建一个 DynamicDataSource 类,继承 AbstractRoutingDataSource,用于动态切换数据源。 ```java public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { private final Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources; public DynamicDataSource(DataSource defaultDataSource, Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) { super.setDefaultTargetDataSource(defaultDataSource); this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources; super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources); super.afterPropertiesSet(); } @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { return DataSourceHolder.getDataSource(); } @Override public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) { this.targetDataSources.putAll(targetDataSources); super.setTargetDataSources(this.targetDataSources); super.afterPropertiesSet(); } @Override public void addTargetDataSource(Object key, Object dataSource) { this.targetDataSources.put(key, dataSource); super.setTargetDataSources(this.targetDataSources); super.afterPropertiesSet(); } } ``` 7. 创建一个 AopDataSourceConfig 类,用于配置切面,实现动态切换数据源。 ```java @Configuration public class AopDataSourceConfig { @Bean public DataSourceAspect dataSourceAspect() { return new DataSourceAspect(); } } ``` ```java @Aspect public class DataSourceAspect { @Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.demo.annotation.Master) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.select*(..)) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.get*(..)) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.query*(..)) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.find*(..)) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.count*(..))") public void read() { } @Pointcut("execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.insert*(..)) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.update*(..)) " + "|| execution(* com.example.demo.service..*.delete*(..))") public void write() { } @Around("read()") public Object read(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { try { DataSourceHolder.setDataSource(DataSourceType.SLAVE.getType()); return joinPoint.proceed(); } finally { DataSourceHolder.clearDataSource(); } } @Around("write()") public Object write(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { try { DataSourceHolder.setDataSource(DataSourceType.MASTER.getType()); return joinPoint.proceed(); } finally { DataSourceHolder.clearDataSource(); } } } ``` 8. 在 Service 层的方法上使用 @Master 注解,表示强制使用主库。 ```java @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements UserService { @Override @Master public boolean save(User user) { return super.save(user); } } ``` 这样就实现了读写分离功能。需要注意的是,在使用 MybatisPlus 进行 CRUD 操作时,需要使用对应的 Service 方法,例如 selectList、selectPage、insert、updateById、deleteById,而不是直接调用 Mapper 方法。否则,数据源切换将不会生效。

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值