Mysql安装、配置、优化

一、安装

1.1.配置bin到path

1.2.mysql解压版本在根目录创建my.ini

1. 3.初始化数据库：mysqld --initialize --console ，这里会生成一个初始密码，需要记录下来，否则需要删除datadir目录重新初始化

D:\dev\mysql-8.0.11-winx64>mysqld --initialize --console
2018-06-17T21:06:14.524974Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\dev\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 3768
2018-06-17T21:06:31.388939Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i7TntpLMiL,s
2018-06-17T21:06:42.137554Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\dev\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server has completed

1.4.安装服务：mysqld --install 服务名 ，服务名可以是任意，最好如：mysql5、mysql8等以便区分（这里以mysql8作为服务名）

mysqld --verbose --help 查看帮助（帮助文档参数较大，需要打印到文本查看）
卸载服务： mysqld --remove mysql8
D:\dev\mysql-8.0.11-winx64>mysqld --install MySQL8
Service successfully installed.

打开MySQL8查看：

1.5.更改密码：（需要手动启动上面到服务）

mysql -u root -p 输入第3步的密码

在mysql shell中执行：

ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘新密码’；

注：修改默认密码验证插件：shell> mysql --default-auth=mysql_old_password …
mysql_old_password为老版本验证方式，到mysql5.7.5已经废弃。新版使用mysql_native_password

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/old-native-pluggable-authentication.html

1.6 my.ini文件内容：

实际测试中包含表格中参数都是可以通过初始化的，以下几个参数会报错：

‘query_cache_size=0’

‘innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M’

‘query_cache_type=0’

以下为正确的，需要修改对应basedir和datadir

# Other default tuning values

# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard

#

#

# Installation Instructions

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,

# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options

# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to

# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.

#

# On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory

# of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To

# make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option

# "--defaults-file".

#

# To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a

# command line shell, e.g.

# mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"

#

# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a

# command line shell, e.g.

# mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"

#

# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.

# net start MySQLXY

#

#

# Guildlines for editing this file

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.

# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program

# with the "--help" option.

#

# More detailed information about the individual options can also be

# found in the manual.

#

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

#

#

# CLIENT SECTION

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.

# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed

# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to

# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the

# MySQL client library initialization.

#

[client]

no-beep

 

# pipe

# socket=0.0

port=3306

 

[mysql]

 

default-character-set=utf8

 

 

# SERVER SECTION

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that

# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this

# file.

#

# server_type=3

[mysqld]

 

# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.

# skip-networking

 

# enable-named-pipe

 

# shared-memory

 

# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL

 

# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use

# socket=MYSQL

 

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on

port=3306

 

# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.

#basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/"

 

# Path to the database root

#datadir=C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/Data

 

basedir=D:/dev/mysql-8.0.11-winx64/

datadir=D:/dev/mysql-8.0.11-winx64/data

 

 

# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is

# created and no character set is defined

character-set-server=utf8

 

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when

default-storage-engine=INNODB

 

 

# Enable Windows Authentication

# plugin-load=authentication_windows.dll

 

 

# Server Id.

server-id=1

 

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will

# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with

# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the

# connection limit has been reached.

max_connections=151

 

 

 

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value

# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.

# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files

# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in

# section [mysqld_safe]

table_open_cache=2000

 

# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table

# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk

# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many

# of them.

tmp_table_size=12M

 

# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client

# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't

# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces

# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new

# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance

# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)

thread_cache_size=10

 

#*** MyISAM Specific options

# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while

# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.

# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created

# through the key cache (which is slower).

myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G

 

# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger

# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the

# key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in

# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.

myisam_sort_buffer_size=15M

 

# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.

# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory

# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using

# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be

# used for internal temporary disk tables.

key_buffer_size=8M

 

# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.

# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.

read_buffer_size=30K

read_rnd_buffer_size=256K

 

#*** INNODB Specific options ***

# innodb_data_home_dir=0.0

 

# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled

# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space

# and speed up some things.

# skip-innodb

# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the

# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are

# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small

# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the

# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and

# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2

# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log

# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as

# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed

# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large

# (even with long transactions).

innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and

# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to

# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this

# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it

# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may

# cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you

# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not

# set it too high.

innodb_buffer_pool_size=32M
# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size

# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid

# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,

# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the

# recovery process.

innodb_log_file_size=48M
# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value

# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS

# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.

innodb_thread_concurrency=9
# The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full.

innodb_autoextend_increment=64
# The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into.

# For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency,

# by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages.

innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
# Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently.

innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
# Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before

# it can be moved to the new sublist.

innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
# It specifies the maximum number of .ibd files that MySQL can keep open at one time. The minimum value is 10.

innodb_open_files=300
# When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements.

innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
# When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table

# in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace.

innodb_file_per_table=1
# Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none.

innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
# The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have.

# This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time.

# It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread.

# The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily

# stops answering new requests.

# You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time.

back_log=80
# If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and

# synchronize unflushed data to disk.

# This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources.

flush_time=0
# The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use

# indexes and thus perform full table scans.

join_buffer_size=256K
# The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the

# mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function.

max_allowed_packet=4M
# If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection,

# the server blocks that host from performing further connections.

max_connect_errors=100
# Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld.

# You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files".

open_files_limit=4161
# If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the

# sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization

# or improved indexing.

sort_buffer_size=256K
# The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache.

# If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables.

# The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache.

# The minimum and default values are both 400.

table_definition_cache=1400
# Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes.

# Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.

binlog_row_event_max_size=8K 
# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk.

# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events.

sync_master_info=10000
# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk.

# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log.

sync_relay_log=10000

# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk.

# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions.

二、配置以及优化

#是否启用bin log
skip-log-bin

# 设置3306端口 
port=3388

# 设置mysql的安装目录 
basedir=F:\\mysql8\\data（注意：切记此处一定要用双斜杠\\，单斜杠我这里会出错）
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
 datadir=F:\\mysql8\\data

# 允许最大连接数 
max_connections=20

# 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统 max_connect_errors=10

# 服务端使用的字符集默认为UTF8 
character-set-server=utf8  

# 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证
 default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password  

#InnoDB#

# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB

#缓存池 innodb_buffer_pool_size=4G  

# 双1模式

# 按事务刷盘，刷日志 [0:最快模式,1:安全模式,2:比0安全但比0要慢]看需求，服务器较为稳定可以选择2，自己搭建的最好选择1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# 提交1次事务刷1次，可以为：
n sync_binlog=1  

# 脏页占innodb_buffer_pool_size的比例时，触发刷脏页到磁盘

# 25%~50% innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=30  

# 后台进程最大IO性能指标

# 默认200，如果SSD，调整为5000~20000 innodb_io_capacity=200  

# 默认10M。防止高并发下，数据库受影响 innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1024M:autoextend  

# 默认2，单位s。慢查询时间。建议0.1~0.5 long_qurey_time=0.3  

# 8.0默认row。记录格式，让数据安全可靠 binlog_format=row  

# 默认8小时。交互等待时间和非交互等待时间

# 建议300~500s,两参数值必须一致，且同时修改 interactive_timeout=500 wait_timeout=500  

#日志大小 innodb_log_file_size=256M

#日志缓存大小 innodb_log_buffer_size=12M   innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
#innodb_flush_method
#thread_cache=8
#innodb_autoextend_increment=128M  
#这里确认是否起用压缩存储功能 innodb_file_per_table=1

#innodb_file_format=barracuda #mysql 8 不支持该功能

#决定压缩程度的参数，如果你设置比较大，那么压缩比较多，耗费的CPU资源也较多；

#相反，如果设置较小的值，那么CPU占用少。默认值6，可以设置0-9# innodb_compression_level=6

#指定在每个压缩页面可以作为空闲空间的最大比例，

#该参数仅仅应用在设置了innodb_compression_failure_threshold_pct不为零情况下，并且压缩失败率通过了中断点。

#默认值50，可以设置范围是0到75 
innodb_compression_pad_pct_max=50   server-id=1180   [mysql]

# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集 
default-character-set=utf8 [client]

# 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口 
port=3388 default-character-set=utf8 ···****