javaSE_day17 学习笔记 ——泛型、Stream

1. 泛型

什么是泛型

java泛型设计原则：编译不出错，运行时不会出现ClassCastException

1.1 泛型类

在类上定义的泛型，在方法中也可以使用

泛型类派生出的子类

• 子类明确泛型类的类型参数变量
• 子类不明确泛型类的类型参数变量

eg:
以接口为例：泛型接口

1.2 泛型接口

interface Demo < T > { }

1.3 泛型方法

1.5 泛型的使用 – 通配符 “?”

? 表示任意数据类型

设置通配符的上限、下限

• List<? extends Animal> list
• List<? super Number> list

通配符的错误使用

• class A<?>{}
• public <?> void t(List<?> list){}
• List<?> list = new ArrayList<?>();

2. Stream

和io没有任何关系

2.1 流式思想

• 像生产流水线一样，一个操作接一个操作。
• 使用流操作集合更高效

2.2 stream的特性

• stream不存储数据
• stream不改变源数据
• stream的延迟执行特性

2.3使用Stream流的步骤

数据源 → 转换成流 → 操作1 → 操作2 →……

2.3.1 数据源（source）

可以是集合、数组等。

2.3.2 获取流对象

• Stream streamStr = liststr .stream();//把集合变成流
• Stream streamInt = Stream.of(num);//把数组变成流
  
  Stream只能被使用一次，如果还想使用，必须重新获取流。
  如果不重新获取，会得到异常：stream has already been operated upon or closed
  

2.4 常用方法

1. filter(): 用于通过设置的条件过滤出元素
   延迟执行，不立刻执行，遇到终结性方法时才执行
2. map(): 用于映射每个元素到对应的结果
3. limit(): 用于获取指定数量的流
4. 跳过前n个stream.skip
5. 流的连接Stream.concat（stream1,stream2）
6. 返回数量count 终结性方法
7. 可以把流转换为 List 类型:collect(Collectors.toList()); 终结性方法
8. 求和的方法reduce(0, (x, y) -> x + y)
9. distinct(): 去重
10. sorted(): 排序
11. forEach: 遍历 终结性方法

（返回值不是流，则为终结性方法）

练习

1. 有如下整数1，-2，-3，4，-5，使用Stream取元素绝对值并打印。

public static void test1() {
		Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1,-2,-3,4,-5);
		stream.forEach(e->System.out.println(Math.abs(e)));
	}

  
  

2. 给定一个数字列表，如何返回一个由每个数的平方构成的列表。给定【1，2，3，4，5】， 应该返回【1，4，9，16，25】。

public static void test2() {
		Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5);
		stream.map(e->e*e).forEach(e->System.out.println(e));
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

3. 有如下7个元素黄药师，冯蘅，郭靖，黄蓉，郭芙，郭襄，郭破虏，使用Stream将以郭字开头的元素存入新集合。

public static void test3() {
		Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("黄药师","冯衡","郭靖","黄蓉","郭芙","郭襄","郭破虏");
		List<String> list = stream.filter(e->e.startsWith("郭")).collect(Collectors.toList());
		System.out.println(list);
	}

 
 

4. 已知ArrayList集合中有如下元素{陈玄风、梅超风、陆乘风、曲灵风、武眠风、冯默风、罗玉风}，使用Stream
   （1）取出前2个元素并在控制台打印输出。
   （2）取出后2个元素并在控制台打印输出。

public static void test4() {
		List<String> liststr = new ArrayList<>();		
		liststr.add("陈玄风");liststr.add("梅超风");liststr.add("陆乘风");
		liststr.add("曲灵风");liststr.add("武眠风");
		liststr.add("冯默风");liststr.add("罗玉风");
		Stream<String> streamStr = liststr.stream();
		streamStr.limit(2).forEach(e->System.out.println(e));
	List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> liststr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>		
	liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"陈玄风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"梅超风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"陆乘风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"曲灵风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"武眠风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"冯默风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"罗玉风"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	Stream<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> streamStr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	streamStr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">skip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>liststr2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>println<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

5. 用 map 和 reduce 方法数一数流中有多少个Employee
   List emps = Arrays.asList(
   new Employee(102, “李四”, 59),
   new Employee(101, “张三”, 18),
   new Employee(103, “王五”, 28),
   new Employee(104, “赵六”, 8),
   new Employee(105, “田七”, 38)
   );
   

public static void test5() {
		List<Employee> emps = Arrays.asList(
				new Employee(102,"李四",59),new Employee(101,"张三",18),new Employee(103,"王五",28),
				new Employee(104,"赵六",8),new Employee(105,"田七",38)	);
		Stream<Employee> stream = emps.stream();
		System.out.println(stream.map(e->1).reduce(0,(x,y)->x+y));		
	}

 
 

6. 找出2011年发生的所有交易， 并按交易额排序（从低到高）
   class Transaction {
   private int year; //交易时间
   private int value; //交易额
   方法。。。。
   List transactions =Arrays.asList(
   new Transaction(2011, 300),
   new Transaction(2012, 1000),
   new Transaction(2011, 400),
   new Transaction(2012, 710),
   new Transaction(2011, 200),
   new Transaction(2012, 700),
   new Transaction(2012, 950)
   );

public static void test6() {
		List<Transaction> transactions = Arrays.asList(
				new Transaction(2011,300),
				new Transaction(2012,1000),
				new Transaction(2011,400),
				new Transaction(2012,710),
				new Transaction(2011,200),
				new Transaction(2012,700),
				new Transaction(2012,950) 
				);
		transactions.stream().filter(e->e.getYear()==2011).sorted((t1,t2)->t1.getValue()-t2.getValue()).forEach(e->System.out.println(e));
	}