Linux下安装Oracle

安装依赖包
 
yum install -y automake autotools-dev binutils bzip2 elfutils expat
gawk gcc gcc-multilib g+±multilib lib32ncurses5 lib32z1
ksh less lib32z1 libaio1 libaio-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386
libc6-i386 libelf-dev libltdl-dev libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386
libpth-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libstdc++5 make openssh-server rlwrap
rpm sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev unzip x11-utils zlibc unzip cifs-utils
libXext.x86_64  glibc.i686
 
以上依赖包安装完成之后，执行
 
yum update
 
 
创建Oracle用户
操作用户：root
groupadd -g 502 oinstall
groupadd -g 503 dba
groupadd -g 504 oper
groupadd -g 505 asmadmin
useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G oinstall,dba,asmadmin,oper -s /bin/bash -m oracle
passwd oracle
 
解压安装包
提示：切换用户命令  su
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle
将Oracle 11gR2安装文件上传（可以使用sftp上传）到该操作目录下面，然后顺序解压安装文件到该目录
 
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
 
 
修改安全设置
操作用户：root
操作文件：/etc/security/limits.conf
 
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
 
在文件最后追加如下内容（vi使用方法略）：
 
oracle              soft      nproc 2047
oracle              hard    nproc  16384
oracle              soft      nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack  10240

注：  I 进入 追加模式
      :wq 保存退出
 
创建安装目录
操作用户：oracle
mkdir -p ~/tools/oracle11g
 
 
修改环境变量
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle
 
vi ~/.bash_profile
 
在文件最后追加如下内容（vi使用方法略
 
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACL{E}_{B}ASE/product/11.2.0/dbhom{e}_{1}exportORACL{E}_{S}ID=orclexportORACL{E}_{U}NQNAME=orclexportNL{S}_{L}ANG=.AL32UTF8exportPATH=${PATH}:$ORACL{E}_{H}OME/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64;
执行以下命令使其生效：
 
source ~/.bash_profile
 
以后每次重新登录不需要重新设置，环境变量将自动加载。
关闭防火墙
操作用户：root
 
systemctl stop firewalld.service
 
并设置其重新启动服务器后不再打开
 
systemctl disable firewalld.service
 
定义安装响应文件
 
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle
复制文件模板
cp /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp .
 
修改文件（vi使用方法略）
vi db_install.rsp
 
模板内容修改如下（目录、用户等没有变化的情况下，可以直接使用），修改出使用粗体标出：
 
 
####################################################################

Copyright© Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##

##                                                                ##

Specify values for the variables listed below to customize

your installation.

##                                                                ##

Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment

can help to populate the variables with the appropriate

values.

##                                                                ##

IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and

should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user

or db administrator who owns this installation.

##                                                                ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Do not change the following system generated value.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the installation option.

It can be one of the following:

1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG

3. UPGRADE_DB

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used

to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the

first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames

and network interfaces)

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the location which holds the inventory files.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.

en  : English                  ja  : Japanese

fr  : French                  ko  : Korean

ar  : Arabic                  es  : Latin American Spanish

bn  : Bengali                  lv  : Latvian

pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese    lt  : Lithuanian

bg  : Bulgarian                ms  : Malay

fr_CA: Canadian French          es_MX: Mexican Spanish

ca  : Catalan                  no  : Norwegian

hr  : Croatian                pl  : Polish

cs  : Czech                    pt  : Portuguese

da  : Danish                  ro  : Romanian

nl  : Dutch                    ru  : Russian

ar_EG: Egyptian                zh_CN: Simplified Chinese

en_GB: English (Great Britain)  sk  : Slovak

et  : Estonian                sl  : Slovenian

fi  : Finnish                  es_ES: Spanish

de  : German                  sv  : Swedish

el  : Greek                    th  : Thai

iw  : Hebrew                  zh_TW: Traditional Chinese

hu  : Hungarian                tr  : Turkish

is  : Icelandic                uk  : Ukrainian

in  : Indonesian              vi  : Vietnamese

it  : Italian

Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the installation edition of the component.

#

The value should contain only one of these choices.

EE    : Enterprise Edition

SE    : Standard Edition

SEONE  : Standard Edition One

PE    : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.

true  : Components mentioned as part of ‘customComponents’ property

#        are considered for install.

false : Value for ‘customComponents’ is not considered.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable is considered only if ‘IsCustomInstall’ is set to true.

Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.

#              The following choices are available. You may specify any
#              combination of these choices.  The components you choose should
#              be specified in the form “internal-component-name:version”
#              Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#       
#              oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
#              oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
#              oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault
#              oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
#              oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
#              oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
###############################################################################
#                                                                            #

PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS

------------------------------------------

Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges

needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the

group “dba”, then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.

#                                                                            #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the type of database to create.

It can be one of the following:

- GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING

- DATA_WAREHOUSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the Starter Database SID.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the Starter Database character set.

#

It can be one of the following:

AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,

EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,

BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,

AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,

IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,

KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,

ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management

in Database is desired.

If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation

is to be done manually, then set it to false.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be

at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available

on the system.

Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter

database or not.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles

and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.

These settings may also be disabled.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
###############################################################################
#                                                                            #

Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the

starter database:

#  SYS                                                                      #
#  SYSTEM                                                                    #
#  SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager)                                      #
#  DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)                                      #
#                                                                            #

Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended)

or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)

#                                                                            #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the

starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Oracle#123456
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the SYS password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.

It can be one of the following:

1. GRID_CONTROL

2. DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage

the database.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical

alerts when using DB control.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=test@163.com
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
###############################################################################
#                                                                            #

SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS

------------------------------------

Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned

using the entries below.

#                                                                            #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else

this can be set to true.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if

automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at

2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system

user that is specified in this variable.

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if

automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at

2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user

specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the

above operating system user.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the type of storage to use for the database.

It can be one of the following:

- FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

- ASM_STORAGE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control

files, redo logs.

Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the backup and recovery location.

Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/fast_recovery_area
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.

Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.

Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.

#  Example  : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.

Example    : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for

My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.

If left blank it will be assumed to be false.

Example    : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.

The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed

to be false.

Example    : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.

Example    : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.

Example    : PROXY_PORT=25

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD

blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.

Example    : PROXY_USER=username

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD

blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.

Example    : PROXY_PWD=password

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=

静默安装Oracle 11gR2
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
 
提示：如何查看滚动日志
tail –1000f 日志文件
 
安装OracleClient

配置监听

使用PL/SQL Developer工具连接

密码在db_install.rsp文件里定义了，如下：

如果重启了服务器重启过，环境变量要重新source一下。

连接，在Oracle用户下输入

使用管理员权限输入
connect /as sysdba
 
启动服务
startup
 
关闭服务
Shutdown
 
开启监听
退出sqlplus模式
lsnrctl start