1.前景
负载分布式体系结构中的应用程序有数十个依赖关系,每个依赖关系在某些时候将失败。
雪崩:当发现一个模块下的某个实例是被之后,这个时候这个模块依然还会接受浏览,然后这个有问题的模块还调用了其他的模块,这样就会发生级联故障,又称雪崩
2.是什么
Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库,在分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下不会导致整体服务的失败,避免级联故障,提高分布式系统的弹性。
断路器 : 当某个服务单元发生故障之后,通过断路器的故障监控,向调用方向返回一个符合预期的、可处理的备选相应(FallBack),而不是长时间的等待或者抛出调用放无法处理的异常,这样就保证了服务调用方的线程不会被长时间、不必要地占用,从而避免了故障在分布式系统中的蔓延,乃至雪崩。
3.作用
服务降级
服务器忙,请稍后再试,不让客户端等待并立刻返回一个友好提示,fallback
会触发降级的几种情况
1.程序运行时异常
2.超时
3.服务熔断触发服务降级
4.线程池/信号量打满 也会导致服务降级
服务熔断
当到达最大服务访问后,直接拒接访问,拉闸限电,然后调用服务器降级的方法并返回友好提示
类似于保险丝,当电流过大会被强制断电
服务限流
秒杀等高并发操作限制流量
DEMO
Payment模块
Pom
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<groupId>com.study</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Yml文件
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
SpringBoot启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
}
/**
*此配置是为了服务监控而配置,与服务容错本身无关,springcloud升级后的坑
*ServletRegistrationBean因为springboot的默认路径不是"/hystrix.stream",
*只要在自己的项目里配置上下面的servlet就可以了
*/
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
}
Service
public interface PaymentService {
String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id);
String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id);
String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
Impl
@Service
public class HystrixServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Override
public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+
"paymentInfo_OK,id: "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O";
}
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",
commandProperties = {@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000")})
@Override
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOut,id: "+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O,耗费3秒";
}
public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
return "/(ㄒoㄒ)/调用支付接口超时或异常:\t"+ "\t当前线程池名字" + Thread.currentThread().getName();
}
//=========服务熔断
@Override
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled",value = "true"),
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "10"),
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "10000"),
@HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "60"),
})
public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
if(id < 0)
{
throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能负数");
}
String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();
return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功,流水号: " + serialNumber;
}
public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
{
return "id 不能负数,请稍后再试,/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~ id: " +id;
}
}