Docker容器查看日志,进程以及交互 (下)

凉心良意

已于 2022-04-29 16:34:48 修改

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分类专栏： Docker linux 文章标签： docker linux 服务器

于 2020-08-09 00:19:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44355591/article/details/107882993

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上一篇我们讲解的Docker 交互式容器那么本篇将会继续使用Centos镜像,以,后台模式启动一个容器

文章导航目录

启动守护式容器:

在开始之前我们先大概了解交互式容器和守护进程式容器各自的作用.交互式的容器,一般做为工具类的容器,而守护式的容器,必须要对外暴露端口,才能实现自身价值
我们先用docker ps -a 查看一下所有的容器

[root@StrawberryJam ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4b8824172708        centos              "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up 7 hours                              DIYmyName
75264c769ba9        831691599b88        "/bin/bash"         11 hours ago        Up 7 hours                              distracted_napier

这里已经有两个交互式容器在运行了,我们先不管他,接下来我们开启一个守护进程式容器,使用 docker run -d centos 即可开启

[root@StrawberryJam ~]# docker run -d centos
92de907b5c8b7265bc0aae482686d2e2b80cfce1f25ff7260eee5b884c8ba7f8
[root@StrawberryJam ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
92de907b5c8b        centos              "/bin/bash"         22 seconds ago      Exited (0) 22 seconds ago                       blissful_brattain
4b8824172708        centos              "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up 7 hours                                      DIYmyName
75264c769ba9        831691599b88        "/bin/bash"         11 hours ago        Up 7 hours                                      distracted_napier

果然,在开启守护式进程容器后并没有让我们直接进入一个交互式的页面, 当我们再次docker ps -a 发现刚刚新建的容器自动退出了,这是为什么呢?
这就不得不说Docker镜像生命周期的一些管理依据,在守护式进程容器当中,想要Docker容器在后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程.这么做也是为了节省资源,只要使用docker run -d命令，那么容器将会运行在后台模式,而我们运行的一个容器什么也没有添加,很纯净,所以就自动退出了,通俗的说如果容器的命令不是那些一直挂起的命令,就是会自动退出的.

比如: 一个web容器,我们以nginx为例,在正常情况下,我们配置启动服务只需要启动响应的Service即可.service nginx start,但是这样做,nginx 是在后台进程模式运行,若前台没有没有应用运行,这样容器启动后就会立即关闭,因为后台觉得它没事可做.
就好比有一个饭店,前台顾客都没有,厨师为何还要做菜呢?

那么如何解决呢?最佳的解决方案就是把你要运行的程序,以前台进程的形式运行

查看容器日志

下面我们讲一下容器的日志使用说明如下
docker logs [选项]

-f	–since	-t	–tail
跟踪日志输出	显示某个开始时间的所有日志	显示时间戳	列出最新N条容器日志

举例:

使用docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello 凌晨大哥; sleep 5; done"命令来循环打印一句话 hello,凌晨大哥 (现在真的凌晨了)服务器时间不对= =
log 示例

查看容器内运行的进程

使用docker top [容器ID] 即可查看,这里我们查看那个循环打印的容器

[root@StrawberryJam ~]# docker top 5603893c582a
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                6618                6601                0                   23:27               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true; do echo hello 凌晨大哥; sleep 5; done

再次说明,我们可以把容器看作一个简易版的Linux环境

查看容器内部细节

使用docker inspect [容器ID]即可查看

[root@StrawberryJam ~]# docker inspect 5603893c582a
[
    {
        "Id": "5603893c582a64d67bbd509c938cb94a57b660d926c25ae735647e9a896c5412",
        "Created": "2020-08-08T15:27:41.171239026Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true; do echo hello 凌晨大哥; sleep 5; done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 6618,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-08-08T15:27:41.550174701Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5603893c582a64d67bbd509c938cb94a57b660d926c25ae735647e9a896c5412/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5603893c582a64d67bbd509c938cb94a57b660d926c25ae735647e9a896c5412/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5603893c582a64d67bbd509c938cb94a57b660d926c25ae735647e9a896c5412/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5603893c582a64d67bbd509c938cb94a57b660d926c25ae735647e9a896c5412/5603893c582a64d67bbd509c938cb94a57b660d926c25ae735647e9a896c5412-json.log",
        "Name": "/beautiful_lehmann",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad0c7f2af6994c99d436bc6f619a385f6eb9532b4ef1694f31230f50687623cb-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9df5ed6141faac71eb7137e8e3bb84beae41386ffb0f9d8579216a31d3af51f3/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad0c7f2af6994c99d436bc6f619a385f6eb9532b4ef1694f31230f50687623cb/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad0c7f2af6994c99d436bc6f619a385f6eb9532b4ef1694f31230f50687623cb/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad0c7f2af6994c99d436bc6f619a385f6eb9532b4ef1694f31230f50687623cb/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "5603893c582a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true; do echo hello 凌晨大哥; sleep 5; done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "2da748603fb9bd83f632c46619bbdafa3d744986ee3211956e91c1fbcc178f4a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2da748603fb9",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "fda8ef185c63951a8194a20f6bb5fefa2d51681074d269e768ab941c35c4f481",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "bc8d949c1ef47d94cead6f9b03dc40b8e85189dce33aa5a11b6a19a11731545d",
                    "EndpointID": "fda8ef185c63951a8194a20f6bb5fefa2d51681074d269e768ab941c35c4f481",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的容器并以命令交互

这里有两种方式可以实现,一种是使用 docker attach [容器ID] 来交互,另一种是用docker exec -t [容器ID]来实现
第一种我们就不再举例了,就是重新进入到容器进行交互,我们来举例第二种:

示例:

不难发现,docker exec -t [容器ID]可以直接在宿主主机对内进行命令操作,而且它较比与第一种,还可以启动新的进程.

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

使用docker cp [容器ID] : /镜像路径 /宿主主机路径即可,不演示了,肝不动了

在这里插入图片描述

Smile

这就是关于Docker容器的所有部分了.如果对你有帮助的话,记得留个赞哦~~

凉心良意

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Docker容器查看日志,进程以及交互 (下)

上一篇我们讲解的Docker 交互式容器那么本篇将会继续使用Centos镜像,以,后台模式启动一个容器文章导航目录启动守护式容器:查看容器日志举例:查看容器内运行的进程查看容器内部细节进入正在运行的容器并以命令交互示例:从容器内拷贝文件到主机上启动守护式容器:在开始之前我们先大概了解交互式容器和守护进程式容器各自的作用.交互式的容器,一般做为工具类的容器,而守护式的容器,必须要对外暴露端口,才能实现自身价值我们先用docker ps -a 查看一下所有的容器[root@StrawberryJam
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