一篇文学会 Pytest 测试框架

之前有介绍过python自带的Unittest单元测试框架,Python 自动化测试实战 Zero to Hero 单元测试框架unittest的使用,今天再来简单的讲诉下测试框架pytest

本文首发自伊洛的个人博客:https://yiluotalk.com,欢迎关注并查看更多内容!!!
#####1. 安装开始

  • 直接使用pip安装就可以,pytest支持python2.03.0版本
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
pip install -U pytest
  • 检查版本,校验下是否安装成功
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
(yiluo)~ pytest --version
2. pytest的基础语法规范
  • 文件名应必须以test开头或结尾,例如test_example.pyexample_test.py
  • 如果将测试定义为类上的方法,类名应以“ Test”开头。例如,TestExample。且不包含__init__方法
  • 测试方法名称或函数名称应以test_开头,例如test_example,名称与该模式不匹配的方法将不会作为测试执行
  • 按照命名的约定举个例子
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
- demo_tests/
    - test_example.py
3. 开始测试
  • 例子1
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
def func(x):
    return x + 1


def test_answer():
    assert func(3) == 5

#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
(yiluo) ➜  pytest pytest
======================== test session starts =========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.3.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.1
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, rerunfailures-5.0
collected 1 item

test_sample.py F                                               [100%]

============================== FAILURES ==============================
____________________________ test_answer _____________________________

    def test_answer():
>       assert func(3) == 5
E       assert 4 == 5
E        +  where 4 = func(3)

test_sample.py:6: AssertionError
========================= 1 failed in 0.05s ==========================
  • 例子2
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


def test_sum():
    assert sum(3, 7) == 10
  • 运行查看结果
================================== test session starts ==================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.3.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.1

plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, rerunfailures-5.0
collected 1 item                                                                        

test_example.py .                                                                 [100%]

=================================== 1 passed in 0.01s ===================================
test_example.py .  
  • 注意test_example.py .后面有一个点.,一个点就代表执行了一条测试用例
    执行多项测试
  • 如果需要获取更多信息的话,后面加上-v
collected 1 item                                                                        

test_example.py::test_sum PASSED                                                  [100%]

=================================== 1 passed in 0.01s ===================================

  • 再加一条用例
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


def test_sum():
    assert sum(3, 7) == 10


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int
  • 运行一下看下结果
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
collected 2 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum PASSED                                                  [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

=================================== 2 passed in 0.01s ===================================
  • 再试下用例执行不成功
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


def test_sum():
    assert sum(3, 7) == 100


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int
  • 运行查看结果
test_example.py::test_sum FAILED                                                  [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

======================================= FAILURES ========================================
_______________________________________ test_sum ________________________________________

    def test_sum():
>       assert sum(3, 7) == 100
E       assert 10 == 100
E         -10
E         +100

test_example.py:12: AssertionError
============================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.06s ==============================
  • 例子3
  • 类的举例
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
class TestClass(object):
    def test_one(self):
        x = 'Yiluo'
        assert 'l' in x

    def test_two(self):
        x = 'luoyi'
        assert hasattr(x, 'yiluo')
  • 运行结果
(yiluo) ➜  pytest pytest
======================== test session starts =========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.3.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.1
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, rerunfailures-5.0
collected 2 items

test_class.py .F                                               [100%]

============================== FAILURES ==============================
_________________________ TestClass.test_two _________________________

self = <test_class.TestClass object at 0x10c5af7d0>

    def test_two(self):
        x = 'luoyi'
>       assert hasattr(x, 'yiluo')
E       AssertionError: assert False
E        +  where False = hasattr('luoyi', 'yiluo')

test_class.py:8: AssertionError
==================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.06s =====================
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
- 用法和调用命令行还可以是

python -m pytest [...]

4. 参数化测试
  • 让我们对test_sum函数进行更改以使用参数
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


@pytest.mark.parametrize('num1 , num2, expected', [(3, 5, 8)])
def test_sum(num1, num2, expected):
    assert sum(num1, num2) == expected


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int

  • 运行查看结果
collected 2 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum[3-5-8] PASSED                                           [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

=================================== 2 passed in 0.04s ===================================
  • 多传几个参数试验一下
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


@pytest.mark.parametrize('num1 , num2, expected', [(3, 5, 8),
            (-2, -2, -4), (6, 6, 12), (6, -1, 5), (0, 5, 5)])
def test_sum(num1, num2, expected):
    assert sum(num1, num2) == expected


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int
  • 运行查看结果
collected 6 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum[3-5-8] PASSED                                           [ 16%]
test_example.py::test_sum[-2--2--4] PASSED                                        [ 33%]
test_example.py::test_sum[6-6-12] PASSED                                          [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum[6--1-5] PASSED                                          [ 66%]
test_example.py::test_sum[0-5-5] PASSED                                           [ 83%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

=================================== 6 passed in 0.03s ===================================
  • 我们还可以进行函数调用以获取这些值
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


def get_sum_test_data():
    return [(3, 5, 8),
            (-2, -2, -4), (6, 6, 12), (6, -1, 5), (0, 5, 5)]


@pytest.mark.parametrize('num1 , num2, expected', get_sum_test_data() )
def test_sum(num1, num2, expected):
    assert sum(num1, num2) == expected


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int

  • 运行查看结果
collected 6 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum[3-5-8] PASSED                                           [ 16%]
test_example.py::test_sum[-2--2--4] PASSED                                        [ 33%]
test_example.py::test_sum[6-6-12] PASSED                                          [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum[6--1-5] PASSED                                          [ 66%]
test_example.py::test_sum[0-5-5] PASSED                                           [ 83%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

=================================== 6 passed in 0.02s ===================================
5. Pytest之Fixture的使用
  • 用于在测试之间共享测试数据,分别在测试执行之前和之后执行设置方法
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


@pytest.fixture()
def get_sum_test_data():
    return [(3, 5, 8),
            (-2, -2, -4), (6, 6, 12), (6, -1, 5), (0, 5, 5)]


def test_sum(get_sum_test_data):
    for data in get_sum_test_data:
        num1 = data[0]
        num2 = data[1]
        expected = data[2]
        assert sum(num1, num2) == expected


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int
  • 执行查看结果
collected 2 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum PASSED                                                  [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

=================================== 2 passed in 0.03s ===================================
  • Scope of fixture
    function: 每次测试运行一次
    class: 每类测试运行一次
    module: 每个模块运行一次
    session: 每个会话运行一次
  • 权重
    function < class <module<session
  • autouse=True
    将默认使您套件中的每个测试都使用它
  • 例如1
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def get_sum_test_data():
    return [(3, 5, 8),
            (-2, -2, -4), (6, 6, 12), (6, -1, 5), (0, 5, 5)]


@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def setup_and_teardown():
    print('\n获取数据')
    yield
    print('\n保存数据')


def test_sum(get_sum_test_data):
    for data in get_sum_test_data:
        num1 = data[0]
        num2 = data[1]
        expected = data[2]
        assert sum(num1, num2) == expected


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int
  • 执行后查看结果 pytest test_example.py -v -s
collected 2 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum 
获取数据
PASSED
保存数据

test_example.py::test_sum_output_type 
获取数据
PASSED
保存数据


=================================== 2 passed in 0.02s ===================================
  • 例如2
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest

@pytest.fixture()
def setup():
    print('在测试之前')


def test_one(setup):
    print('测试1')


def test_two(setup):
    print('测试2')
  • 执行结果
(yiluo) ➜  pytest pytest -v -s fixture.py
======================== test session starts =========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.3.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- 
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/joey/Code/pytest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, rerunfailures-5.0
collected 2 items

fixture.py::test_one 在测试之前
测试1
PASSED
fixture.py::test_two 在测试之前
测试2
PASSED

========================= 2 passed in 0.01s ==========================
  • fixture 返回值
import pytest


@pytest.fixture(params=[1, 2, 3])
def test_data(request):
    return request.param


def test_assert_all(test_data):
    print('test_data: %s' % test_data)
    assert test_data != 5
(yiluo) ➜  pytest pytest -v -s fixture_param.py
======================== test session starts =========================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.3.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /Users/joey/yiluo/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.6, rerunfailures-5.0
collected 3 items

fixture_param.py::test_assert_all[1] test_data: 1
PASSED
fixture_param.py::test_assert_all[2] test_data: 2
PASSED
fixture_param.py::test_assert_all[3] test_data: 3
PASSED

========================= 3 passed in 0.01s ==========================

6. pytest.mark
  • skip — 跳过测试功能
  • skipif — 如果满足特定条件,则跳过测试功能
  • xfail — 如果满足特定条件,则会产生“预期的失败”结果
  • parametrize执行对同一测试功能的多次调用
#!/usr/bin/python3
# 伊洛Yiluo
# https://yiluotalk.com
import pytest


def sum(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2


@pytest.mark.skip
def test_sum():
    assert sum(3, 7) == 10


def test_sum_output_type():
    assert type(sum(1, 2)) is int
  • 执行查看结果
collected 2 items                                                                       

test_example.py::test_sum SKIPPED                                                 [ 50%]
test_example.py::test_sum_output_type PASSED                                      [100%]

============================= 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.01s ==============================
  • 成功跳过测试用例
  • 运行的方式

名称中带有“ validate”字符串的所有测试
pytest -k “validate”
排除名称中带有“ db”的测试,但包括“ validate”
pytest -k “validate and not db”
运行文件夹demo_tests中的所有测试文件
pytest demo_tests/
运行测试类TestClassDemo的单个方法test_method
pytest demo_tests/test_example.py::TestClassDemo::test_method
运行一个名为TestClassDemo的测试类
pytest demo_tests/test_example.py::TestClassDemo
运行一个名为test_sum的测试函数
pytest demo_tests/test_example.py::test_sum
以详细模式运行测试
pytest -v demo_tests/
运行包括打印语句的测试
pytest -s demo_tests/
仅运行上次运行失败的测试
pytest — lf

在这里插入图片描述

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