带你一步走入 SSM 框架
在 IDEA 上快速搭建 SSM 框架学习过程:
1、创建数据库
# 创建数据表 user
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户笔名',
`password` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
`name` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户真实姓名',
`birthday` date DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
`gender` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
`created` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`updated` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
# 插入两条数据用于测试
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'zhangsan', '123', '张三', '2020-12-11', '1', '2020-12-11 10:03:52', '2020-12-11 10:03:55');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'lisi', '12326', '李四', '2020-12-13', '0', '2020-12-13 10:04:17', '2020-12-13 10:04:21');
2、开始创建项目
2.1、创建项目组的id以及项目名称
2.2、选择 maven
如果maven以前搭建过,此步骤会有,否则在创建项目后配置IDEA maven
2.3、确定项目名字和项目存储路径
2.4、创建项目成功后的初始状态
2.5、IDAE 配置 maven
3、配置所需 jar 包(pom.xml)
配置 pom.xml 时在 IDEA 右下角会有选项,选择一个即可:
Maven projects need to be imported
Import Changes (每次添加 dependency 依赖时手动下载更新 maven)
Enable Auto-Import (每次添加 dependency 依赖时自动下载更新 maven)
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>4.3.14.RELEASE</spring.version>
<pagehelper.version>5.1.2-beta</pagehelper.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
<mybatis.spring.version>1.2.3</mybatis.spring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.1.1</mybatis.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<jsqlparser.version>1.0</jsqlparser.version>
<jackson.version>1.2.7</jackson.version>
<servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version>
<druid.version>1.0.18</druid.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.16</log4j.version>
<commons-logging.version>1.2</commons-logging.version>
<commons-fileupload.version>1.2.1</commons-fileupload.version>
<commons-io.version>1.3.2</commons-io.version>
<commons-lang.version>2.6</commons-lang.version>
<aopalliance.version>1.0</aopalliance.version>
<mybatis-generator.version>1.3.5</mybatis-generator.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSP相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- pageHelper -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
<version>${pagehelper.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--jsqlparser-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.jsqlparser</groupId>
<artifactId>jsqlparser</artifactId>
<version>${jsqlparser.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>${commons-logging.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>${commons-fileupload.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>${aopalliance.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis-generator.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
4、添加java和resources
4.1、依次在 main 下创建 java 和 resources 普通目录
右键 main --> new —> Directory --> 输入待创建的目录名称 —> 点击 ok :
4.2、改变 java 和 resources 普通目录为资源目录
右键 java --> Mark Directory as —> Sources Root;
右键 resources–> Mark Directory as —> Resources Root;
如果资源目录变颜色(IDEA 不同版本可能颜色标志等有所不同,但都会变):
5、三层搭建
5.1、创建 pojo
在 java 下创建包 com.zc.ssm.pojo 放置实体类
(1)右键 java --> New —> Package —> 输入待创建的包名 —> 点击 ok :
(2)创建实体类 User.java:
右键包 pojo —> New —> Java Class —> 输入待创建的 Class Name —> 点击 ok :
(3) 编写 User.java 实体类代码:
package com.zc.ssm.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
/**
* 导入的 lombok 依赖
*/
@Data //提供getter/setter
@NoArgsConstructor //无参构造器
@AllArgsConstructor //有参构造器
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String name;
private Date birthday;
private int gender;
private Timestamp created;
private Timestamp updated;
}
(4) 测试 lombok :
在 pojo 包下新建 java 类 TestUserLombok.java(同 User.java 的创建):
package com.zc.ssm.pojo;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 测试 User.java 类的 Lombok 依赖中
* getter/setter/无参构造/有参构造/toString方法
* 是否生效
*/
public class TestUserLombok {
@Test
public void test1(){
User u = new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setUsername("张三");
u.setPassword("123");
System.out.println(u);
}
}
5.2、创建 mapper
(1)在 java 下创建包 com.zc.ssm.mapper 放置mybatis mapper接口类/映射文件:
右键 java --> New —> Package —> 输入待创建的包名 —> 点击 ok ;
(2)在 mapper 包下新建接口类 UserMapper.java 和 mapper 映射文件 UserMapper.xml :
A、右键 mapper 包 —> New —> Java Class —> 输入待创建的接口类名称,选择 Interface —> 点击 OK ;
B、右键 mapper 包 —> New —> File —> 输入待创建的映射文件名称 —> 点击 OK ;
(3)接口类 UserMapper.java 创建接口方法:
package com.zc.ssm.mapper;
import com.zc.ssm.pojo.User;
/**
* mybatis mapper 映射文件的接口类
*/
public interface UserMapper {
// 添加
int add(User user);
//根据 id 查询
User findUserById(int id);
//查询全部
List<User> selAll();
}
(4) mapper 映射文件 UserMapper.xml 映射接口类 UserMapper.java 中的方法:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace 命名空间:映射 com.zc.ssm.mapper 包下接口类 UserMapper.java -->
<mapper namespace="com.zc.ssm.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- resultMap 返回结果,结果类型:map集合,数据类型:封装的实体类 User.java -->
<resultMap id="map" type="User">
<!--
property: 对应实体类 User.java 中的属性;
-->
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_name" property="username"/>
<result column="password" property="password"/>
</resultMap>
<!--
select 标签下是查询数据库表的 SQL 语句
id: 映射接口类 UserMapper.java 中的方法;
parameterType:SQL 语句中参数类型;
resultMap:返回的 SQL 查询结果存储类型。
-->
<select id="findUserById" parameterType="int" resultMap="map">
select * from user where id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="selAll" resultType="User">
select * from user
</select>
</mapper>
5.3、创建 service
(1)在 java 下创建包 com.zc.ssm.service 和 com.zc.ssm.service.impl 放置框架服务层代码:
右键 java --> New —> Package —> 输入待创建的包名 —> 点击 ok ;
(2)在 com.zc.ssm.service 包下新建接口类 UserService.java 和 在 com.zc.ssm.service.impl 包下新建接口类 UserService.java 的实现类 UserServiceImpl:
A、右键 com.zc.ssm.service 包 —> New —> Java Class —> 输入待创建的接口类名称,选择 Interface —> 点击 OK ;
B、右键 com.zc.ssm.service.impl 包 —> New —> Java Class —> 输入待创建的实现类名称 —> 点击 OK ;
(3)UserService.java 接口类代码:
package com.zc.ssm.service;
import com.zc.ssm.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserService {
// 添加
int add(User user);
//根据 id 查询
User findUserById(int id);
//查询全部
List<User> selAll();
}
(4)UserServiceImpl.java 实现类代码:
package com.zc.ssm.service.impl;
import com.zc.ssm.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.zc.ssm.pojo.User;
import com.zc.ssm.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public int add(User user) {
return userMapper.add(user);
}
@Override
public User findUserById(int id) {
return userMapper.findUserById(id);
}
@Override
public List<User> selAll() {
return userMapper.selAll();
}
}
5.4、创建 controller
(1)在 java 下创建包 com.zc.ssm.controller 放置框架控制层代码:
右键 java --> New —> Package —> 输入待创建的包名 —> 点击 ok ;
(2)在 com.zc.ssm.controller 包下新建控制类 UserController.java :
右键 com.zc.ssm.controller 包 —> New —> Java Class —> 输入待创建的类名称 —> 点击 OK ;
(3)UserController.java 代码编写:
package com.zc.ssm.controller;
import com.zc.ssm.pojo.User;
import com.zc.ssm.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value="find/{id}",produces = "text/html;charset=utf-8") // Get 请求
@ResponseBody //不做为逻辑视图
public String findUserId(@PathVariable("id") int id, Model model){
User user = userService.findUserById(id);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
System.out.println(user.toString());
return user.toString();
}
@RequestMapping(value="/selAllJSON.action")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> selAllUserJson(){
List<User> users = userService.selAll();
for (User u: users) {
System.out.println(u.toString());
}
return users;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/selAllShowTable.action",produces = "text/html;charset=utf-8")
// @ResponseBody // 不作为逻辑视图
public ModelAndView selAllUserTable(){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
List<User> users = userService.selAll();
for (User u: users) {
System.out.println(u.toString());
}
mv.addObject("list", users);
mv.setViewName("show"); // 逻辑视图,跳转到 WEB-INF/jsp/show.jsp
return mv;
}
}
6、配置文件
6.1、web.xml
对 web 项目的配置文件 web.xml 进行配置(/WEB-INF/web.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 过滤处理中文乱码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>character</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>character</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- spring的配置文件-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- spring mvc核心:分发servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ssm</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- spring mvc的配置文件 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ssm</servlet-name>
<!--
拦截的路径:
1. /* 拦截所有(包括html,js,css,image,jsp,....)
2. / 拦截所有(不包括jsp)
3. 后缀方式 .do 或 .action.....(常用)
-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
6.2、springMVC.xml
(1)创建 springmvc 配置文件 springMVC.xml:
右键 资源文件 resources --> New --> File --> 输入待创建的文件名及其文件后缀 --> 点击 OK --> 创建一个空文件成功;
(2)配置 springMVC.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zc.ssm.controller">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 视图定位 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
6.3、applicationContext.xml
(1)创建 spring 配置文件 applicationContext.xml:
右键 资源文件 resources --> New --> File --> 输入待创建的文件名及其文件后缀 --> 点击 OK --> 创建一个空文件成功;
(2)配置 applicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解操作-->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 扫描包的路径 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zc.ssm" />
<!-- spring加载properties配置文件的配置 -->
<context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath*:db.properties"/>
<!-- spring和mybatis的整合之数据库 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 指定mybaits的SQLSessionFactory -->
<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.zc.ssm.pojo" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/zc/ssm/mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置扫描对应的mapper类 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.zc.ssm.mapper"/>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSession"/>
</bean>
</beans>
6.4、db.properties
(1)创建数据库表链接文件 db.properties:
右键 资源文件 resources --> New --> File --> 输入待创建的文件名及其文件后缀 --> 点击 OK --> 创建一个空文件成功;
(2)配置 db.properties:
jdbc.driverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_ssm?characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
6.5、index.jsp
修改 web 项目下初始界面 index.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>http://localhost:8181/ssm_study_war/find/1</h3>
<a href="selAllJSON.action">显示所有数据,json 格式</a>
<p></p>
<a href="selAllShowTable.action">显示所有数据到 show.jsp 页面为 table 形式</a>
</body>
</html>
6.5、show.jsp
在 springMVC 配置文件中,有视图定位的配置,控制层 UserController.java 中 返回逻辑视图的路径;
此文档的配置路径是 WEB_INF/jsp/ 下 新建 jsp —> show.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>show</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="500px">
<tr>
<td>编号</td>
<td>用户名</td>
<td>名称</td>
<td>性别</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${list }" var="user">
<tr>
<td>${user.id }</td>
<td>${user.username }</td>
<td>${user.name }</td>
<td><c:if test="${user.gender == 0}">男</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.gender == 1}">女</c:if></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
7、开始运行项目(配置Tomcat)
7.1、配置本地 Tomcat
(1)鼠标左键点击 IDEA 右上角界面图标 “小锤子” 旁边的 Add Configuration —> 弹出新的界面框,点击左上角“+” --> 找到 Tomcat Server —> 选择 Local —> 弹出新的界面框,点击 Configure… 配置Windows本地安装好的Tomcat 路径 —> 依次填写配置的Tomcat 运行名称,运行的浏览器,JDK —> 此时进行下图第九步,选择 Deployment —> 点击右边 “+” —> Artifact… --> 选择 war --> 点击 Apply,OK :
7.2、运行结果,前端返回JSON、对象数据格式
(1)Tomcat 启动后初始界面执行 index.jsp,有三行:
第一行:UserMapper.java 接口方法 //根据 id 查询 User findUserById(int id);
控制层 UserController.java 中方法 findUserId()。
第一行结果展示,在地址栏末尾添加 “find/1” 或者 “find/2”,回车。
第二行:一个超链接,UserMapper.java 接口方法 //查询全部 List selAll();
控制层 UserController.java 中方法 selAllUserJson()。
JSON 数据格式,直接点击超链接。
第三行:也是一个超链接,也是 UserMapper.java 接口方法 //查询全部 List selAll();
控制层 UserController.java 中方法 selAllUserTable()。
逻辑视图显示,直接点击第三行超链接。