【Mysql练习1】

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drop table if exists  `employees` ; 
# 员工表
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10004,'1954-05-01','Chirstian','Koblick','M','1986-12-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10005,'1955-01-21','Kyoichi','Maliniak','M','1989-09-12');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10006,'1953-04-20','Anneke','Preusig','F','1989-06-02');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10007,'1957-05-23','Tzvetan','Zielinski','F','1989-02-10');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10008,'1958-02-19','Saniya','Kalloufi','M','1994-09-15');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10009,'1952-04-19','Sumant','Peac','F','1985-02-18');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10010,'1963-06-01','Duangkaew','Piveteau','F','1989-08-24');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10011,'1953-11-07','Mary','Sluis','F','1990-01-22');

1. 查找最晚入职员工的所有信息

select * 
from employees 
where hire_date = (
    select max(hire_date) 
    from employees
);

2.查找入职员工实践排名倒数第三的员工的所有信息

select * 
from employees
where hire_date = (
    select distinct hire_date 
    from employees 
    order by hire_date desc 
    limit 1 offset 2
);
# 当limit和offset组合使用的时候，limit后面只能有一个参数，表示要取的的数量,offset表示要跳过的数量
select * from employees order by hire_date desc limit 2,1
# 当limit后面跟两个参数的时候，第一个数表示要跳过的数量，后一位表示要取的数量。

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drop table if exists  `salaries` ; 
drop table if exists  `dept_manager` ; 
# 全部员工的薪水表salaries
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
# 各个部门的领导表dept_manager
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d001',10002,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d002',10006,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d003',10005,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d004',10004,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,88958,'2002-06-22','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10002,72527,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10003,43311,'2001-12-01','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10004,74057,'2001-11-27','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10005,94692,'2001-09-09','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10006,43311,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10007,88070,'2002-02-07','9999-01-01');

3.查找当前薪水详情以及部门编号dept_no

请你查找各个部门当前领导的薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no，输出结果以salaries.emp_no升序排序，并且请注意输出结果里面dept_no列是最后一列

# where
select s.*,d.dept_no
from salaries s,dept_manager d
where s.emp_no = d.emp_no
# join on
select s.*,d.dept_no
from salaries s inner join dept_manager d
on s.emp_no = d.emp_no
order by s.emp_no

---

drop table if exists  `dept_emp` ; 
drop table if exists  `employees` ; 
#部门表
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
#员工表
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10001,'d001','1986-06-26','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10002,'d002','1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10004,'1954-05-01','Chirstian','Koblick','M','1986-12-01');

4.查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name以及dept_no

# 1
select e.last_name,e.first_name,d.dept_no
from employees e 
join dept_emp d on e.emp_no = d.emp_no 
# 2
select last_name, first_name, dept_no 
from (dept_emp left join employees on dept_emp.emp_no = employees.emp_no); 

5. 查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应部门编号dept_no

select last_name,first_name,dept_no
from (dept_emp right join employees on dept_emp.emp_no = employees.emp_no);

---

drop table if exists  `salaries` ; 
# 薪水表
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,60117,'1986-06-26','1987-06-26');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,62102,'1987-06-26','1988-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,66074,'1988-06-25','1989-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,66596,'1989-06-25','1990-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,66961,'1990-06-25','1991-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,71046,'1991-06-25','1992-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,74333,'1992-06-24','1993-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,75286,'1993-06-24','1994-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,75994,'1994-06-24','1995-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,76884,'1995-06-24','1996-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,80013,'1996-06-23','1997-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,81025,'1997-06-23','1998-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,81097,'1998-06-23','1999-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,84917,'1999-06-23','2000-06-22');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,85112,'2000-06-22','2001-06-22');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,85097,'2001-06-22','2002-06-22');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,88958,'2002-06-22','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10002,72527,'1996-08-03','1997-08-03');

6. 查找薪水记录超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的记录次数t

select emp_no,count(salary) t
from salaries
group by emp_no having t > 15
# WHERE语句在GROUP BY语句之前；SQL会在分组之前计算WHERE语句。   
# HAVING语句在GROUP BY语句之后；SQL会在分组之后计算HAVING语句。

7.找出所有员工具体的薪水salary情况，对于相同的薪水只显示一次,并按照逆序显示

#了解distinct使用
select distinct salary 
from salaries
order by salary desc;
#大表一般用distinct效率不高，大数据量的时候都禁止用distinct，建议用group by解决重复问题
select salary 
from salaries
group by salary
order by salary desc;

8.获取所有非部门领导的员工emp_no

# 推荐
select e.emp_no
from employees e left join dept_manager d on e.emp_no = d.emp_no 
where dept_no is null;
#
SELECT emp_no FROM employees
WHERE emp_no NOT IN (SELECT emp_no FROM dept_manager)

---

drop table if exists  `dept_emp` ; 
drop table if exists  `dept_manager` ; 
# 员工表
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
# 经理表
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10001,'d001','1986-06-26','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10002,'d001','1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10003,'d002','1995-12-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d001',10002,'1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d002',10003,'1990-08-05','9999-01-01');

9.获取所有的员工和员工对应的经理，如果员工本身是经理的话则不显示

select de.emp_no,dm.emp_no manager
from dept_emp de, dept_manager dm
where de.dept_no = dm.dept_no and dm.emp_no != de.emp_no

select de.emp_no,dm.emp_no manager
from dept_emp de, dept_manager dm
where de.dept_no = dm.dept_no and dm.emp_no != de.emp_no

---

drop table if exists  `dept_emp` ; 
drop table if exists  `salaries` ; 
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10001,'d001','1986-06-26','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10002,'d001','1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10003,'d004','1995-12-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10004,'d004','1986-12-01','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10005,'d003','1989-09-12','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10006,'d002','1990-08-05','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10007,'d005','1989-02-10','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10009,'d006','1985-02-18','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10010,'d006','2000-06-26','9999-01-01');

INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,88958,'2002-06-22','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10002,72527,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10003,43311,'2001-12-01','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10004,74057,'2001-11-27','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10005,94692,'2001-09-09','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10006,43311,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10007,88070,'2002-02-07','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10009,95409,'2002-02-14','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10010,94409,'2001-11-23','9999-01-01');

10.获取每个部门中当前员工薪水最高的相关信息

select de.dept_no,s.emp_no,s.salary
from dept_emp de join salaries s on de.emp_no = s.emp_no 
join (select de.dept_no,max(salary) salary 
      from dept_emp de join salaries s on de.emp_no = s.emp_no 
      group by de.dept_no) ds on de.dept_no = ds.dept_no
where s.salary = ds.salary
order by de.dept_no