【go】map映射

1.map是一种key-value数据结构
又称为字段或关联数组

声明：
var 名 map[keytype]valuetype

注意：key不可以是slice、map、func
通常用到int、string

声明不会分配内存，初始化需要make才能赋值和使用

	var a map[string]string
	// 需要make给map分配空间
	a = make(map[string]string, 10)
	a["no1"] = "SongJiang"
	a["no2"] = "h Ma"
	// key 不能重复 value可以重复
	a["no1"] = "x Li"
	a["no3"] = "x Sun"
	fmt.Println(a)

map一定要make
key不能重复，以最后一次赋值为准
map是无序的

2.map的删除元素
delete

	cities := make(map[string]string)
	cities["no1"] = "beijing"
	cities["no2"] = "shanghai"
	cities["no3"] = "guangzhou"
	delete(cities, "no3")
	delete(cities, "notExisted")
	fmt.Println(cities)

key不存在，不操作、也不报错

一次删除所有值

	cities := make(map[string]string)
	cities["no1"] = "beijing"
	cities["no2"] = "shanghai"
	cities["no3"] = "guangzhou"
	delete(cities, "no3")
	delete(cities, "notExisted")
	fmt.Println(cities)

	cities = make(map[string]string)
	// 重新make 一次清除所有值
	// 原来的空间成为垃圾被gc回收
	fmt.Println(cities)

3.map的查找

	cities := make(map[string]string)
	cities["no1"] = "beijing"
	cities["no2"] = "shanghai"
	cities["no3"] = "guangzhou"
	fmt.Println(cities)

	val, ok := cities["no1"]
	if ok {
		fmt.Println("val =", val)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("Not found.")
	}

4.map的遍历只能用for-range

	cities := make(map[string]string)
	cities["no1"] = "beijing"
	cities["no2"] = "shanghai"
	cities["no3"] = "guangzhou"
	fmt.Println("有", len(cities), "对key-value")

	for k, v := range cities {
		fmt.Printf("key=%v val=%v\n", k, v)
	}

5.map切片

	// silce of map
	//slice也要make
	monsters := make([]map[string]string, 2)
	if monsters[0] == nil {
		monsters[0] = make(map[string]string, 2)
		monsters[0]["name"] = "kalsuzard"
		monsters[0]["age"] = "145"
	}
	fmt.Println(monsters)

	//append动态添加
	newMonster := map[string]string{
		"name": "ragnaros",
		"age": "54",
	}
	monsters = append(monsters, newMonster)
	fmt.Println(monsters)

6.对key排序

	mp := make(map[int]int, 10)
	mp[2] = 12
	mp[3] = 323
	mp[23] = 1222
	mp[12] = 1220
	fmt.Println(mp)

	var keys []int
	for k, _ := range mp {
		keys = append(keys, k)
	}
	sort.Ints(keys)
	fmt.Println(keys)
	for _, k := range keys{
		fmt.Printf("mp[%v] = %v\n", k, mp[k])
	}

7.map是引用类型，函数接收map后修改 会修改原值
8.map想增加元素，会自动扩容 方便！