阿里云centos7 中安装mysql8.0

阿里云centos7 中安装mysql8

1. 首先进入官网，下载对应的安装包，官网地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.点击 No thanks, just start my download 进行下载(建议使用第二种方法)
(1) 可以手动下载，使用xftp工具上传到云服务的安装目录下(下载速度较慢)

(2) 首先进入阿里云安装目录，使用wget命令进行下载
进入安装目录：cd /usr/local/
在线下载：wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

3. 使用解压命令，将下载的安装包进行解压
解压命令：tar -xvf mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

4. 解压完毕，新建mysql用户，并赋予权限
重命名命令：mv mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql-8.0
新建data目录用于存放数据库文件： mkdir /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data
创建mysql属组：groupadd mysql
设置用户权限：useradd -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql #不让mysql用户直接登录
赋予mysql权限：chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0/
给mysql用户设置密码

[root@iZwz99ujl2isnn729yhqc6Z support-files]# passwd mysql
Changing password for user mysql.
New password: 输入新的密码
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password:  确认新的密码
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

5. 修改mysql配置文件，复制以下配置
编辑配置文件命令：vi /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql-8.0
datadir = /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
log-error = /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
tmpdir = /tmp

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

6. 赋予mysql执行权限
赋予权限命令：chmod +x /usr/local/mysql-8.0

7. 配置开机自动启动
复制服务到etc的init目录：cp /usr/local/mysql-8.0/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
赋予执行权限：chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
增加mysql服务：chkconfig --add mysqld
赋予自启服务：chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
查看服务等级：chkconfig --list mysqld #查看是否已应用上

8. 添加MySQL的软链接以适应init脚本，配置环境变量(软链接)

ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/mysql
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqladmin /usr/sbin/mysqladmin
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqldump /usr/sbin/mysqldump

9. 初始化mysql数据库
(1) 初始化命令：/usr/local/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-8.0/data

(2) 查看日志中的初始密码（这个密码就是root的初始密码，先复制出来，下面会用到）
查看日志命令：cat /usr/local/mysql-8.0/data/error.log
10 . 启动mysql，启动命令：./support-files/mysql.server start

如若启动不成功，记得去查看mysql-8.0/data/error.log 错误日志(每个人的错误可能都不相同)

成功启动如下图所示

11. 登录mysql，并配置成可远程连接

(1) 登陆mysql命令(密码就是上面error.log日志中查看的)：./bin/mysql -uroot -p
(2) 使用mysql库：use mysql;

(3) 修改root密码（注意是英文符号）

alter user 'root' @'localhost'  identified by  'a';

(4) 修改localhost为%（改为远程登录）

update user set host='%' where Host='localhost' and User='root';

(5) 设置远程连接权限

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';

(6) 刷新MySQL的系统权限

flush privileges;

12. 配置防火墙

(1) 配置防火墙，开启3306端口

# 先关闭防火墙，后编辑配置
systemctl stop firewalld.service
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# 添加如下规则到22端口这条规则的下面即可
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

(2) 重启防火墙（注意云上一定要开启防火墙，注意保护端口）

systemctl start firewalld.service

(3) 启动MySQL

service mysqld start  # 或 /etc/init.d/mysqld start

(4) 测试MySQL是否启动，查看是否有mysql进程

ps -ef | grep mysql

(5) 查看是否有mysql端口

netstat -ntlp | grep 3306

(6) 使用远程连接工具进行连接测试mysql，能正常使用

如若连接不上可使用重启命令，使阿里云之前配置生效：reboot

到此MySQL8安装完成，因为8是最新版本，里面有很多坑，将正确的安装方法记录在csdn中。