cobbler服务

1. cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。

  • cobbler集成的服务

  • PXE服务支持

  • DHCP服务管理

  • DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)

  • 电源管理

  • Kickstart服务支持

  • YUM仓库管理

  • TFTP(PXE启动时需要)

  • Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

  • cobbler配置文件详解

  • cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件作用
/etc/cobbler/settingscobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxepxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.confweb服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digestweb访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.templatedhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatedns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.templatetftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.logcobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check//核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list//列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report//列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync//同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync//同步yum仓库
cobbler distro//查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system//查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile//查看配置信息

2. cobbler服务端部署

配置yum源(网络源)

[root@nginx ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
....
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@nginx ~]#  sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@nginx ~]#  yum -y install epel-release
安装过程略。。。。

安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@nginx ~]#  yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
安装过程略....

启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable httpd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service'
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.125.131/' /etc/cobbler/settings
  • 设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.125.131/' /etc/cobbler/settings
  • 开启tftp
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
  • 下载缺失文件
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2019-03-05_175315_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Tue Mar  5 17:53:15 2019)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service'
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 生成加密的密码
[root@nginx ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'xj123456'
$1$15379$gsw2C.s8gnrL4n1ReqF3Q.  --点也是密码
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
....
default_password_crypted: "$1$15379$gsw2C.s8gnrL4n1ReqF3Q."
  • 重启cobbler
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN     0      100                          127.0.0.1:25                                  *:*     
LISTEN     0      5                            127.0.0.1:25151                               *:*     
LISTEN     0      5                                    *:873                                 *:*     
LISTEN     0      128                                  *:22                                  *:*     
LISTEN     0      100                                ::1:25                                 :::*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 :::443                                :::*     
LISTEN     0      5                                   :::873                                :::*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 :::80                                 :::*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 :::22                                 :::*     
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@nginx ~]#  cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@nginx ~]# 

//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误,请忽略

//配置cobbler dhcp
//修改cobbler配置文件,让cobbler控制dhcp

[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@nginx ~]#  sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
[root@nginx ~]# 

  • 配置dhcp
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
....    //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.125.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.125.129;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.125.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.125.100 192.168.125.240;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
....    //此处为省略内容
  • 重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-03-05_181157_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar  5 18:11:57 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 检查dhcp是否正常
[root@nginx ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           2549/dhcpd          
[root@nginx ~]# 
  • 导入redhat7镜像
[root@nginx ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7-xj --arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-03-05_181908_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Mar  5 18:19:08 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64:
creating new distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64 for rhel-7-xj-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

说明:

    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台
  • 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是:rehl-7-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示导入失败

  • 查看cobbler镜像列表

[root@nginx ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   rhel-7-xj-x86_64

profiles:
   rhel-7-xj-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:
  • 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
root@nginx ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks
[root@nginx ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.125.129/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64   **
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$2WTFvfNvAMgCUPuC$MJgWGzhakgxrRObcEbAwSe8vkz0s//xyiTllGwxRsHHruQhcskO69u2LVTU9u0eemHXH2pzcGawyAJ54R2E/x0

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

//检查ks文件语法是否有误

[root@nginx ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2019-03-05_183153_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Tue Mar  5 18:31:53 2019)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.125.129/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.125.129/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-xj-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@nginx ~]#  cobbler profile list
   rhel-7-xj-x86_64
  • 修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@nginx ~]#  cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-xj-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks
  • 配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-xj-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
  • 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7-xj-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        :
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7-xj-x86_64      //仓库名字
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}       //网卡设为传统命名方式
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks     //使用的kickstarts配置文件的路径,必须为我们新建的ks文件的路径
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 :
Internal proxy                 :
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      :
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
  • 同步cobbler
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-03-05_183749_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar  5 18:37:49 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-xj-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 把服务端所有服务重启
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN     0      100                          127.0.0.1:25                                  *:*     
LISTEN     0      64                                   *:37530                               *:*     
LISTEN     0      5                            127.0.0.1:25151                               *:*     
LISTEN     0      64                                   *:2049                                *:*     
LISTEN     0      5                                    *:873                                 *:*     
LISTEN     0      128                                  *:111                                 *:*       
LISTEN     0      5                                   :::873                                :::*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 :::111                                :::*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 :::80                                 :::*      

3. 客户端安装

新建虚拟机从pxe启动,若出现以下界面则表示成功:
在这里插入图片描述
安装成功
在这里插入图片描述

4. 定制安装

定制安装步骤:

[root@nginx ~]#  yum -y install python2-pip		##安装pip命令
[root@nginx ~]#  pip install ipaddress		
默认账号密码是cobbler:cobbler
  • 统计服务器mac地址
  • 配置cobbler
  • 安装
    在 cobbler 的web界面上配置:
  • systems-create -new system
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    同步配置并重启相关服务:
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
    最后开机自动会安装系统
  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值