1. cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
-
cobbler集成的服务
-
PXE服务支持
-
DHCP服务管理
-
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
-
电源管理
-
Kickstart服务支持
-
YUM仓库管理
-
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
-
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
-
cobbler配置文件详解
-
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
配置文件 | 作用 |
---|---|
/etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
cobbler数据目录
目录 | 作用 |
---|---|
/var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
/var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
cobbler日志文件
日志文件路径 | 说明 |
---|---|
/var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
cobbler命令详解
cobbler check | //核对当前设置是否有问题 |
---|---|
cobbler list | //列出所有的cobbler元素 |
cobbler report | //列出元素的详细信息 |
cobbler sync | //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下 |
cobbler reposync | //同步yum仓库 |
cobbler distro | //查看导入的发行版系统信息 |
cobbler system | //查看添加的系统信息 |
cobbler profile | //查看配置信息 |
2. cobbler服务端部署
配置yum源(网络源)
[root@nginx ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
....
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install epel-release
安装过程略。。。。
安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
安装过程略....
启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable httpd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service'
[root@nginx ~]#
- 修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.125.131/' /etc/cobbler/settings
- 设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.125.131/' /etc/cobbler/settings
- 开启tftp
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
- 下载缺失文件
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2019-03-05_175315_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Tue Mar 5 17:53:15 2019)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@nginx ~]#
- 启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service'
[root@nginx ~]#
- 生成加密的密码
[root@nginx ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'xj123456'
$1$15379$gsw2C.s8gnrL4n1ReqF3Q. --点也是密码
[root@nginx ~]#
- 将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
....
default_password_crypted: "$1$15379$gsw2C.s8gnrL4n1ReqF3Q."
- 重启cobbler
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@nginx ~]#
- 通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@nginx ~]#
//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误,请忽略
//配置cobbler dhcp
//修改cobbler配置文件,让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@nginx ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
[root@nginx ~]#
- 配置dhcp
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
.... //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.125.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.125.129;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.125.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.125.100 192.168.125.240;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
.... //此处为省略内容
- 重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-03-05_181157_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 5 18:11:57 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@nginx ~]#
- 检查dhcp是否正常
[root@nginx ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 2549/dhcpd
[root@nginx ~]#
- 导入redhat7镜像
[root@nginx ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7-xj --arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-03-05_181908_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Mar 5 18:19:08 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64:
creating new distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64 for rhel-7-xj-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
说明:
--path //镜像路径
--name //为安装源定义一个名字
--arch //指定安装源平台
-
安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是:rehl-7-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示导入失败
-
查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler list
distros:
rhel-7-xj-x86_64
profiles:
rhel-7-xj-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
- 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
root@nginx ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks
[root@nginx ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.125.129/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64 **
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$2WTFvfNvAMgCUPuC$MJgWGzhakgxrRObcEbAwSe8vkz0s//xyiTllGwxRsHHruQhcskO69u2LVTU9u0eemHXH2pzcGawyAJ54R2E/x0
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2019-03-05_183153_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Tue Mar 5 18:31:53 2019)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.125.129/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.125.129/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-xj-x86_64"
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
- 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler profile list
rhel-7-xj-x86_64
- 修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-xj-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks
- 配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-xj-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
- 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-xj-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-xj-x86_64 //仓库名字
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'} //网卡设为传统命名方式
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-xj-x86_64.ks //使用的kickstarts配置文件的路径,必须为我们新建的ks文件的路径
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
- 同步cobbler
[root@nginx ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-03-05_183749_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 5 18:37:49 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-xj-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-xj-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-xj-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
- 把服务端所有服务重启
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:37530 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
3. 客户端安装
新建虚拟机从pxe启动,若出现以下界面则表示成功:
安装成功
4. 定制安装
定制安装步骤:
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install python2-pip ##安装pip命令
[root@nginx ~]# pip install ipaddress
默认账号密码是cobbler:cobbler
- 统计服务器mac地址
- 配置cobbler
- 安装
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置: - systems-create -new system
同步配置并重启相关服务:
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
最后开机自动会安装系统