1. tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
2. tomcat项目部署
2.1 java环境安装
//安装jdk环境
[root@wbk ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
//查看安装的版本
[root@wbk ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_201"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)
2.2 tomcat部署
上官网下载tomcat
//下载tomcat
[root@wbk ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@wbk src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz
//解压部署
[root@wbk src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz
[root@wbk src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@wbk src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@wbk local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.8
[root@wbk local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ tomcat
[root@wbk local]# ll
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 3月 7 15:12 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.8/
//写一个tom jerry的java界面
[root@wbk ~]# vim index.jsp
[root@wbk ~]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("tom jerry");
%>
</body>
</html>
//创建目录,把index.jsp复制到新建的目录下
[root@wbk ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@wbk ~]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
[root@wbk ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122 3月 7 15:18 index.jsp
//启动tomcat
[root@wbk ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@wbk ~]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 10150 1 8 15:21 pts/0 00:00:04 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 10266 1 19 15:22 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 10289 1667 0 15:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@wbk ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9100 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9229 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9168 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8082 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9236 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 511 *:8060 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9121 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9090 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9187 *:*
LISTEN 0 1024 127.0.0.1:9093 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:9168 :::*
LISTEN 0 511 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 511 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 1024 :::9094 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
//在浏览器上访问
//浏览器上访问下图标记的位置,发现报错
//到命令行添加上图中标注的两行代码
[root@wbk ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@wbk conf]# ls
Catalina context.xml logging.properties tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.policy jaspic-providers.xml server.xml web.xml
catalina.properties jaspic-providers.xsd tomcat-users.xml
[root@wbk conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-script"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-gui,admin-script"/>
<user username="tomcat1" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-gui,admin-script"/>
[root@wbk ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+" />
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
</Context>
//重启tomcat
[root@wbk conf]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@wbk conf]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
改完后就能进去了