mysql基础

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最新推荐文章于 2022-07-23 14:19:53 发布

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关系型数据库介绍

层次模型
网状结构
关系模型

关系模型：
二维关系：row，column

数据库管理系统：DBMS
关系：Relational，RDBMS

RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统：

MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server
PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql
Oracle
MSSQL

事务：多个操作被当作一个整体对待就称为一个事务
SQL：Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言
约束：constraint，向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

主键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据，不能为空（NOT NULL）
- 一个表只能存在一个
惟一键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空（NULL）
- 一个表可以存在多个
外键约束：一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据
检查性约束

索引：将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存，并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

关系运算：

选择：挑选出符合条件的行（部分行）
投影：挑选出需要的字段
连接

关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有：

数据库：database
表：table，由行（row）和列（column）* 组成
索引：index
视图：view
用户：user
权限：privilege
存储过程：procedure
存储函数：function
触发器：trigger
事件调度器：event scheduler

mysql安装与配置

mysql安装方式有三种：

源代码：编译安装
二进制格式的程序包：展开至特定路径，并经过简单配置后即可使用
程序包管理器管理的程序包：
- rpm：有两种
  OS Vendor：操作系统发行商提供的
  项目官方提供的
- deb
mysql安装
1. 配置mysql的yum源

[root@ming src]# cd
[root@ming ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@ming src]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@ming src]# ls
debug  kernels  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm


[root@ming src]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

[root@ming src]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  epel-testing.repo     mysql-community-source.repo
epel.repo              mysql-community.repo
[root@ming src]#

安装mysql5.7

[root@ming src]# yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common

mysql配置

启动mysql

 [root@ming src]# systemctl start mysqld
 [root@ming src]# systemctl status mysqld
 mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2019-02-19 15:17:59 CST; 10s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 3889 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3815 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 3892 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─3892 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.p...

2月 19 15:17:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
2月 19 15:17:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128            *:22                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           :::80                        :::*                  
LISTEN      0      32            :::21                        :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128           :::22                        :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100          ::1:25                        :::*                  
LISTEN      0      80            :::3306                      :::*        
[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 
2019-02-19T07:17:46.542353Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: RBzuhdfLo3%J
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.25

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'lw1234';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql57-community-release.noarch.0.el7-10 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

=====================================================================================
 Package                          架构          版本          源                大小
=====================================================================================
正在删除:
 mysql57-community-release        noarch        el7-10        installed         30 k

事务概要
=====================================================================================
移除  1 软件包

安装大小：30 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在删除    : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                          1/1 
centosplus/x86_64                                             | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/metalink                                          | 9.0 kB  00:00:00     
extras/x86_64                                                 | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates/x86_64                                                | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
  验证中      : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                          1/1 

删除:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10                                          

完毕！

mysql的程序组成

客户端
mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序
mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
mysqldump：mysql备份工具
mysqladmin
服务器端
mysqld

mysql工具使用

语法：mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
常用的OPTIONS：
    -uUSERNAME      //指定用户名，默认为root
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，默认为localhost，推荐使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
    -V              //查看当前使用的mysql版本
    -e          //不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本
1

3. mysql的程序组成

    客户端
        mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序
        mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
        mysqldump：mysql备份工具
        mysqladmin
    服务器端
        mysqld

3.1 mysql工具使用

//语法：mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
//常用的OPTIONS：
    -uUSERNAME      //指定用户名，默认为root
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，默认为localhost，推荐使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
    -V              //查看当前使用的mysql版本
    -e          //不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.25, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -plw1234 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'

Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

服务器监听的两种socket地址

socket类型	说明
ip socket	默认监听在tcp的3306端口，支持远程通信
unix sock	监听在sock文件上（/tmp/mysql.sock，/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 仅支持本地通信 server地址只能是：localhost，127.0.0.1

mysql数据库操作

DDL操作

数据库操作

//创建数据库
//语法：CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] 'DB_NAME';
//创建数据库pengye
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS pengye;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

//查看当前实例有哪些数据库
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| pengye         |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//删除数据库
//语法：DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] 'DB_NAME';
//删除数据库pengye
mysql> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS pengye;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

表操作

//创建表
//语法：CREATE TABLE table_name (col1 datatype 修饰符,col2 datatype 修饰符) ENGINE='存储引擎类型';
//在数据库wangqingge里创建表pengye
mysql> CREATE DATABASE pengye;      //创建数据库wangqingge
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use pengye;      //进入pengye数据库
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE pengye (id int NOT NULL,name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,age tinyint);      //创建wangqing表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)


//查看当前数据库有哪些表
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_wangqingge |
+----------------------+
| pengye             |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


//删除表
//语法：DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] 'table_name';
//删除表pengye
mysql> DROP TABLE pengye;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

用户操作

mysql用户帐号由两部分组成，如’USERNAME’@‘HOST’，表示此USERNAME只能从此HOST上远程登录

这里（‘USERNAME’@‘HOST’）的HOST用于限制此用户可通过哪些主机远程连接mysql程序，其值可为：

IP地址，如：172.16.12.129
通配符
- %：匹配任意长度的任意字符，常用于设置允许从任何主机登录
- _：匹配任意单个字符

//数据库用户创建
//语法：CREATE USER 'username'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'];
//创建数据库用户pengye
mysql> CREATE USER 'pengye'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//使用新创建的用户和密码登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -upengye -p123456 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

//删除数据库用户
//语法：DROP USER 'username'@'host'; 
mysql> DROP USER 'pengye'@'127.0.0.1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看命令SHOW

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SHOW ENGINES; 		//查看当前数据库支持的所有存储引擎
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SHOW DATABASES; 		//查看数据库信息
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| pengye             |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

	
mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM pengye;			//不进入某数据库而列出其包含的所有表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_pengye |
+------------------+
| one              |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看表结构
//语法：DESC [db_name.]table_name;
mysql> DESC pengye.one;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)


//查看某表的创建命令
//语法：SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name;
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE pengye.one;
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                         |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| one   | CREATE TABLE `one` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


//查看某表的状态
//语法：SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'table_name'\G
mysql> use pengye
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'one'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: one
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2019-02-19 04:08:38
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

获取命令帮助

//获取命令使用帮助
//语法：HELP keyword;
mysql> HELP CREATE TABLE;       //获取创建表的帮助
Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]
    [IGNORE | REPLACE]
    [AS] query_expression
 ......
 ......

DML操作

DML操作包括增(INSERT)、删(DELETE)、改(UPDATE)、查(SELECT)，均属针对表的操作。

INSERT语句

//DML操作之增操作insert
//语法：INSERT [INTO] table_name [(column_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE} (value1,...),(...),...

mysql> use pengye;
Database changed
mysql> INSERT INTO one (id,name,age) VALUE (1,'tom',20); 		//一次插入一条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> INSERT INTO one (id,name,age) VALUES (2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20),(7,'lisi',NULL);
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT语句

字段column表示法

表示符	代表什么？
*	所有字段
as	字段别名，如col1 AS alias1
当表名很长时用别名代替

条件判断语句WHERE

操作类型	常用操作符
操作符	>，<，>=，<=，=，!= BETWEEN column# AND column# LIKE：模糊匹配 RLIKE：基于正则表达式进行模式匹配 IS NOT NULL：非空 IS NULL：空
条件逻辑操作	AND OR NOT

ORDER BY：排序，默认为升序（ASC）

ORDER BY语句	意义
ORDER BY ‘column_name’	根据column_name进行升序排序
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ DESC	根据column_name进行降序排序
ORDER BY ’column_name’ LIMIT 2	根据column_name进行升序排序并只取前2个结果
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ LIMIT 1,2	根据column_name进行升序排序并且略过第1个结果取后面的2个结果

/DML操作之查操作select
//语法：SELECT column1,column2,... FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' mysql> use pengye;
Database changed
mysql> select * from one;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT name FROM one;
+-----------+
| name      |
+-----------+
| tom       |
| jerry     |
| wangqing  |
| sean      |
| zhangshan |
| zhangshan |
| lisi      |
+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM one ORDER BY age;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM one ORDER BY age DESC;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM one ORDER BY age limit 2;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi | NULL |
|  1 | tom  |   20 |
+----+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM one ORDER BY age limit 1,2;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT * FROM one  WHERE age >= 25;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM one WHERE age >= 25 AND name = 'zhangshan';
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM one WHERE age BETWEEN 23 and 28;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from one where age is not null;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from one where age is null;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi | NULL |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

update语句

//DML操作之改操作update
//语法：UPDATE table_name SET column1 = new_value1[,column2 = new_value2,...] [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from wangqing;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update one set age = 30 where name = 'lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from one where name = 'lisi';
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi |   30 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

delete语句

//DML操作之删操作delete
//语法：DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from one;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      |   30 |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from one where id = 7;       //删除某条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from one;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> delete from one;        //删除整张表的内容
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from wangqing;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc one;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql实验

搭建mysql

[root@jun ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm 
[root@jun ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@jun ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel
[root@jun ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@jun ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              

LISTEN     0      128             *:22                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100     127.0.0.1:25                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128            :::22                         :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100           ::1:25                         :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80             :::3306                       :::*


mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS liumingjun;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use liumingjun
Database changed
mysql> create table student(id int(10),name varchar(50),age int(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(10)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | int(10)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.查看下该新建的表有无内容（用select语句）

mysql> select * from student;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

4.往新建的student表中插入数据（用insert语句）

mysql>  INSERT INTO student (id,name,age) VALUES (2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',2sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20),(7,'lisi',NULL);
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    7 | lisi        | NULL |
|    8 | chengshuo   |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |    3 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    7 | lisi        | NULL |
+------+-------------+------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.修改lisi的年龄为50

mysql> update student set age = 50 where name = 'lisi';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 2  Changed: 2  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student where name = 'lisi';
+------+------+------+
| id   | name | age  |
+------+------+------+
|    7 | lisi |   50 |
|    7 | lisi |   50 |
+------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

6.以age字段降序排序

mysql> select * from student order by age desc;
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    6 | zhangshan   |   20 |
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|    8 | chengshuo   |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |    3 |
+------+-------------+------+
17 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.查询student表中年龄最小的3位同学

mysql> select * from student order by age limit 3;
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    9 | wangwu    |    3 |
|    8 | chengshuo |   10 |
|   10 | qiuyi     |   15 |
+------+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.查询student表中年龄最大的4位同学

mysql> select * from student order by age desc limit 4;
+------+------+------+
| id   | name | age  |
+------+------+------+
|    7 | lisi |   50 |
|    7 | lisi |   50 |
|    4 | sean |   28 |
|    4 | sean |   28 |
+------+------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.查询student表中名字叫zhangshan的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangshan';
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+------+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10.查询student表中名字叫zhangshan且年龄大于20岁的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangshan' and age >=20;
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+------+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.查询student表中年龄在23到30之间的记录

mysql> select * from student where age between 23 and 30;
+------+-----------+------+
| id   | name      | age  |
+------+-----------+------+
|    2 | jerry     |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|    4 | sean      |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|    2 | jerry     |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|    4 | sean      |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+------+-----------+------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

12.修改wangwu的年龄为100

mysql> update student set age = 100 where name = 'wangwu';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student where name = 'wangwu';
+------+--------+------+
| id   | name   | age  |
+------+--------+------+
|    9 | wangwu |  100 |
+------+--------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

13.删除student中名字叫zhangshan且年龄小于等于20的记录

mysql> delete from student where name = 'zhangshan' and age<=20;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+------+-------------+------+
| id   | name        | age  |
+------+-------------+------+
|    1 | tom         |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
|    8 | chengshuo   |   10 |
|    9 | wangwu      |  100 |
|   10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|   11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
|    2 | jerry       |   23 |
|    3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|    4 | sean        |   28 |
|    5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|    7 | lisi        |   50 |
+------+-------------+------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

明明的明

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