2021-04-25

原理

估计出图像间的单应性矩阵（使用RANSAC算法），现在我们需要将所有的图像扭曲到一个公共的图像平面上。通常，这里的公共平面为中心图像平面（否则需要大量变形）。一种方法是创建一个很大的图像，比如图像中全部填充0，使其和中心图像平行，然后将所有的图像扭曲到上面。由于我们所有的图像是由照相机水平旋转拍摄的，因此我们可以使用一个较简单的步骤：将中心图像左边或者右边的区域填充为0，以便为扭曲的图像腾出空间。
要实现两张图片的简单拼接，其实只需找出两张图片中相似的点 (至少四个，因为 homography 矩阵的计算需要至少四个点)， 计算一张图片可以变换到另一张图片的变换矩阵 (homography 单应性矩阵)，用这个矩阵把那张图片变换后放到另一张图片相应的位置 ，就是相当于把两张图片中定好的四个相似的点重合在一起。如此，就可以实现简单的全景拼接。

代码

from pylab import *
from numpy import *
from PIL import Image

# If you have PCV installed, these imports should work
from PCV.geometry import homography, warp
from PCV.localdescriptors import sift

"""
This is the panorama example from section 3.3.
"""

# set paths to data folder
featname = ['C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\python\jmu'+str(i+1)+'.sift' for i in range(5)] 
imname = ['C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\python\jmu'+str(i+1)+'.jpg' for i in range(5)]

# extract features and match
l = {}
d = {}
for i in range(5): 
    sift.process_image(imname[i],featname[i])
    l[i],d[i] = sift.read_features_from_file(featname[i])

matches = {}
for i in range(4):
    matches[i] = sift.match(d[i+1],d[i])

# visualize the matches (Figure 3-11 in the book)
for i in range(4):
    im1 = array(Image.open(imname[i]))
    im2 = array(Image.open(imname[i+1]))
    figure()
    sift.plot_matches(im2,im1,l[i+1],l[i],matches[i],show_below=True)


# function to convert the matches to hom. points
def convert_points(j):
    ndx = matches[j].nonzero()[0]
    fp = homography.make_homog(l[j+1][ndx,:2].T) 
    ndx2 = [int(matches[j][i]) for i in ndx]
    tp = homography.make_homog(l[j][ndx2,:2].T) 
    
    # switch x and y - TODO this should move elsewhere
    fp = vstack([fp[1],fp[0],fp[2]])
    tp = vstack([fp[1],fp[0],fp[2]])
    
    return fp,tp


# estimate the homographies
model = homography.RansacModel() 

fp,tp = convert_points(1)
H_12 = homography.H_from_ransac(fp,tp,model)[0] #im 1 to 2 

fp,tp = convert_points(0)
H_01 = homography.H_from_ransac(fp,tp,model)[0] #im 0 to 1 

tp,fp = convert_points(2) #NB: reverse order
H_32 = homography.H_from_ransac(fp,tp,model)[0] #im 3 to 2 

tp,fp = convert_points(3) #NB: reverse order
H_43 = homography.H_from_ransac(fp,tp,model)[0] #im 4 to 3    


# warp the images
delta = 1200 # for padding and translation

im1 = array(Image.open(imname[1]), "uint8")
im2 = array(Image.open(imname[2]), "uint8")
im_12 = warp.panorama(H_12,im1,im2,delta,delta)

im1 = array(Image.open(imname[0]), "f")
im_02 = warp.panorama(dot(H_12,H_01),im1,im_12,delta,delta)

im1 = array(Image.open(imname[3]), "f")
im_32 = warp.panorama(H_32,im1,im_02,delta,delta)

im1 = array(Image.open(imname[4]), "f")
im_42 = warp.panorama(dot(H_32,H_43),im1,im_32,delta,2*delta)


figure()
imshow(array(im_42, "uint8"))
axis('off')
savefig("example.png",dpi=300)
show()

结果分析

图片拼接不自然，有明显的颜色区别。