SQL(入门实战05)

目录

1.浙大不同难度题目的正确率

题目：现在运营想要了解浙江大学的用户在不同难度题目下答题的正确率情况，请取出相应数据，并按照准确率升序输出。

示例： user_profile

示例： question_practice_detail

示例： question_detail

根据示例，你的查询应返回以下结果：

示例1：

drop table if exists `user_profile`;
drop table if  exists `question_practice_detail`;
drop table if  exists `question_detail`;
CREATE TABLE `user_profile` (
`id` int NOT NULL,
`device_id` int NOT NULL,
`gender` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`age` int ,
`university` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`gpa` float,
`active_days_within_30` int ,
`question_cnt` int ,
`answer_cnt` int 
);
CREATE TABLE `question_practice_detail` (
`id` int NOT NULL,
`device_id` int NOT NULL,
`question_id`int NOT NULL,
`result` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`date` date NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `question_detail` (
`id` int NOT NULL,
`question_id`int NOT NULL,
`difficult_level` varchar(32) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(1,2138,'male',21,'北京大学',3.4,7,2,12);
INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(2,3214,'male',null,'复旦大学',4.0,15,5,25);
INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(3,6543,'female',20,'北京大学',3.2,12,3,30);
INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(4,2315,'female',23,'浙江大学',3.6,5,1,2);
INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(5,5432,'male',25,'山东大学',3.8,20,15,70);
INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(6,2131,'male',28,'山东大学',3.3,15,7,13);
INSERT INTO user_profile VALUES(7,4321,'male',28,'复旦大学',3.6,9,6,52);
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(1,2138,111,'wrong','2021-05-03');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(2,3214,112,'wrong','2021-05-09');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(3,3214,113,'wrong','2021-06-15');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(4,6543,111,'right','2021-08-13');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(5,2315,115,'right','2021-08-13');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(6,2315,116,'right','2021-08-14');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(7,2315,117,'wrong','2021-08-15');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(8,3214,112,'wrong','2021-05-09');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(9,3214,113,'wrong','2021-08-15');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(10,6543,111,'right','2021-08-13');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(11,2315,115,'right','2021-08-13');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(12,2315,116,'right','2021-08-14');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(13,2315,117,'wrong','2021-08-15');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(14,3214,112,'wrong','2021-08-16');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(15,3214,113,'wrong','2021-08-18');
INSERT INTO question_practice_detail VALUES(16,6543,111,'right','2021-08-13');
INSERT INTO question_detail VALUES(1,111,'hard');
INSERT INTO question_detail VALUES(2,112,'medium');
INSERT INTO question_detail VALUES(3,113,'easy');
INSERT INTO question_detail VALUES(4,115,'easy');
INSERT INTO question_detail VALUES(5,116,'medium');
INSERT INTO question_detail VALUES(6,117,'easy');

输出：

easy|0.5000
medium|1.0000

题解

思路：
	1.获取question_practice_detail和question_detail中的题目信息
	2.利用表连接查询user_profile中浙江大学
	3.在根据题目的难度进行分组
问题：

1.join方式选择：如果前面inner join改成left join，
为了防止结果中有难度为None的结果，
需要在order by前加一句 having qd.difficult_level != 'None'。

2.用inner join

select 
	t4.difficult_level,
 	avg(if(t4.result='right',1,0)) as correct_rate
-- 	sum(if(t4.result='right',1,0))/count(t4.question_id) as correct_rate
from user_profile t1
    inner join 
    (
    select t2.device_id,t2.question_id,t2.result,t3.difficult_level
    from question_practice_detail t2
    left join question_detail t3
    on t2.question_id=t3.question_id
    )t4
    on t1.device_id=t4.device_id
    where t1.university='浙江大学'
    group by 	t4.difficult_level
    order by correct_rate 

2.查询后插入其他表中

现有一张试卷作答记录表exam_record，结构如下表，其中包含多年来的用户作答试卷记录，由于数据越来越多，维护难度越来越大，需要对数据表内容做精简，历史数据做备份。

表exam_record：

我们已经创建了一张新表exam_record_before_2021用来备份2021年之前的试题作答记录，结构和exam_record表一致，请将2021年之前的已完成了的试题作答纪录导入到该表。

后台会通过执行"SELECT * FROM exam_record_before_2021;"语句来对比结果

示例1

drop table if EXISTS exam_record;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS exam_record (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS exam_record_before_2021 (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
TRUNCATE exam_record;
TRUNCATE exam_record_before_2021;
INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2020-01-01 09:00:01', null, null),
(1001, 9002, '2020-01-02 09:01:01', '2020-01-02 09:21:01', 70),
(1001, 9002, '2020-09-02 09:00:01', null, null),
(1002, 9001, '2021-05-02 10:01:01', '2021-05-02 10:30:01', 81),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:01:01', null, null);

输出

1|1001|9002|2020-01-02 09:01:01|2020-01-02 09:21:01|70

题解

INSERT INTO exam_record_before_2021(uid, exam_id, start_time, submit_time, score)
SELECT uid, exam_id, start_time, submit_time, score
FROM exam_record
WHERE YEAR(submit_time) < '2021';

3.尝试插入记录

现在有一套ID为9003的高难度SQL试卷，时长为一个半小时，请你将 2021-01-01 00:00:00 作为发布时间插入到试题信息表examination_info（其表结构如下图），不管该ID试卷是否存在，都要插入成功，请尝试插入它。

试题信息表examination_info：

后台会通过执行 SELECT exam_id,tag,difficulty,duration,release_time FROM examination_info 语句来对比结果。

示例1

drop table if EXISTS examination_info;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS examination_info (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
exam_id int UNIQUE NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
tag varchar(32) COMMENT '类别标签',
difficulty varchar(8) COMMENT '难度',
duration int NOT NULL COMMENT '时长(分钟数)',
release_time datetime COMMENT '发布时间'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;
TRUNCATE examination_info;
INSERT INTO examination_info(exam_id,tag,difficulty,duration,release_time) VALUES
(9001, 'SQL', 'hard', 60, '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(9002, '算法', 'easy', 60, '2020-01-01 10:00:00'),
(9003, 'SQL', 'medium', 60, '2020-01-02 10:00:00'),
(9004, '算法', 'hard', 80, '2020-01-01 10:00:00');

输出

9001|SQL|hard|60|2020-01-01 10:00:00
9002|算法|easy|60|2020-01-01 10:00:00
9004|算法|hard|80|2020-01-01 10:00:00
9003|SQL|hard|90|2021-01-01 00:00:00

题解

方式一：
replace into examination_info 
values(null,9003,'SQL','hard',90,' 2021-01-01 00:00:00 ')

方式二：
DELETE FROM examination_info
WHERE exam_id=9003;
INSERT INTO examination_info
VALUES(NULL,9003, 'SQL','hard', 90, '2021-01-01 00:00:00')

拓展

replace into 跟 insert into功能类似，不同点在于：
replace into 首先尝试插入数据到表中，

如果发现表中已经有此行数据（根据主键或者唯一索引判断）则先删除此行数据，然后插入新的数据；
否则，直接插入新数据。
要注意的是：插入数据的表必须有主键或者是唯一索引！
否则的话，replace into 会直接插入数据，这将导致表中出现重复的数据。

4.更新记录

现有一张试卷作答记录表exam_record，其中包含多年来的用户作答试卷记录，结构如下表：

作答记录表exam_record：

submit_time为 完成时间

请把exam_record表中2021年9月1日之前开始作答的未完成记录全部改为被动完成，即：将完成时间改为’2099-01-01 00:00:00’，分数改为0。

示例1

drop table if EXISTS exam_record;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS exam_record (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2020-01-02 09:01:01', '2020-01-02 09:21:01', 80),
(1001, 9002, '2021-09-01 09:01:01', '2021-09-01 09:21:01', 90),
(1002, 9001, '2021-08-02 19:01:01', null, null),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-05 19:01:01', '2021-09-05 19:40:01', 89),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-02 12:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9002, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', null, null);

输出：

1001|9001|2020-01-02 09:01:01|2020-01-02 09:21:01|80
1001|9002|2021-09-01 09:01:01|2021-09-01 09:21:01|90
1002|9001|2021-08-02 19:01:01|2099-01-01 00:00:00|0
1002|9002|2021-09-05 19:01:01|2021-09-05 19:40:01|89
1003|9001|2021-09-02 12:01:01|None|None
1003|9002|2021-09-01 12:01:01|None|None

题解

方式一：
update  exam_record
set submit_time='2099-01-01 00:00:00' , score= 0
where start_time<'2021-09-01 00:00:00' and score is null

方式二：
update  exam_record
set submit_time='2099-01-01 00:00:00' , score= 0
where date_format(submit_time,'%Y-%m-%d')<'2021-09-01'
and submit_time is null

5.删除答题小于5分钟的记录

现有一张试卷作答记录表exam_record，其中包含多年来的用户作答试卷记录，结构如下表：

作答记录表exam_record：

start_time是试卷开始时间

submit_time 是交卷时间，即结束时间，如果未完成的话，则为空

要求：

请删除exam_record表中未完成作答或作答时间小于5分钟整的记录中，开始作答时间最早的3条记录。

后台会通过 SELECT * FROM exam_record 语句来对比结果。

示例1

drop table if EXISTS exam_record;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS exam_record (
id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
TRUNCATE exam_record;
INSERT INTO exam_record(uid, exam_id, start_time, submit_time, score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2020-01-01 22:11:12', '2020-01-01 23:16:12', 50),
(1001, 9002, '2020-01-02 09:01:01', '2020-01-02 09:06:00', 58),
(1001, 9002, '2020-01-02 09:01:01', '2020-01-02 09:05:01', 58),
(1002, 9001, '2021-05-02 10:01:01', '2021-05-02 10:06:58', 60),
(1002, 9002, '2021-06-02 19:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-05 19:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9001, '2021-09-05 19:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9002, '2021-09-09 07:01:02', null, null);

输出：

1|1001|9001|2020-01-01 22:11:12|2020-01-01 23:16:12|50
4|1002|9001|2021-05-02 10:01:01|2021-05-02 10:06:58|60
6|1003|9001|2021-09-05 19:01:01|None|None
7|1003|9001|2021-09-05 19:01:01|None|None
8|1003|9002|2021-09-09 07:01:02|None|None

题解：

delete 
from exam_record
where timestampdiff(minute,start_time,submit_time)<5 or submit_time is null
order by start_time 
limit 3

拓展

删除记录的方式汇总：

根据条件删除：
DELETE
FROM tb_name 
[WHERE options] 
[ [ ORDER BY fields ] LIMIT n ]
全部删除（表清空，包含自增计数器重置）：truncate tb_name


时间差：

timestampdiff(interval, time_start, time_end)
可计算time_start-time_end的时间差，单位以指定的interval为准，常用可选：
SECOND 秒
MINUTE 分钟（返回秒数差除以60的整数部分）
HOUR 小时（返回秒数差除以3600的整数部分）
DAY 天数（返回秒数差除以3600*24的整数部分）
MONTH 月数
YEAR 年数