04-SpringCache缓存-SpringCache注解开发-@Cacheable

2.3 SpringCache注解详解

2.3.1 @Cacheable注解

==如果缓存中没有：查询数据库，存储缓存，返回结果，==

==如果缓存中有：直接返回结果==

作用：可以用来进行缓存的写入，将结果存储在缓存中，以便于在后续调用的时候可以直接返回缓存中的值，而不必再执行实际的方法。 最简单的使用方式,注解名称=缓存名称,使用例子如下:

 

示例代码：

public class RoleServiceImpl implements IRoleService {

    @Autowired
    private RoleMapper roleMapper;
    /**
     * <p>
     * 几个属性：
     * a)cacheNames/value：指定缓存组件的名字
     *      cacheNames = {"role"}可以使用多个参数,是数组的形式，可以指定多个缓存
     * b)key：缓存数据使用的key，可以用他来指定。默认是使用方法参数的值
     *      编写SpEl:   #id  #a0,#po,#argrs[0]  "0"代表参数的索引
     *      #result  方法执行后的返回值
     *      #root.methodName   方法名
     *      key = "#root.methodName+'['+#id+']'"
     * e)condition：指定符合缓存的条件
     *      condition = "#id>0 and #root.methodName eq 'aaa'" 可以多条件判断
     * f)unless: 否定缓存，当unless的条件为true，方法结果不会被缓存,可以获取结果进行判断
     *      unless = "#result==null"，结果为null，就不缓存
     */
    // findById()方法的返回值Role作为 key = "#id"的value在缓存中保存，无需配置
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "role", key = "#id")//#id表示引用findById(Integer id)中id的值
    @Override
    public Role findById(Integer id) {
        return roleMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }
}

测试代码 

package com.itheima.cache;

import com.itheima.cache.model.Role;
import com.itheima.cache.service.IRoleService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class MyTest {
    @Autowired
    private IRoleService roleService;

    /**
     * @Description 缓存测试
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Role role = roleService.findById(8);
        System.out.println("role:"+role);
    }
}

 控制台打印

JDBC Connection [HikariProxyConnection@256089615 wrapping com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@62410e1f] will not be managed by Spring
==>  Preparing: select id,roleName,roleCode, introduce from role where id = ?
==> Parameters: 8(Integer)
<==    Columns: id, roleName, roleCode, introduce
<==        Row: 8, 0088Role, 0088, 00888Introduce
<==      Total: 1
Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@dd9de63]
role:Role(id=8, rolename=0088Role, rolecode=0088, introduce=00888Introduce)

 redis中

 再次执行测试方法，控制台打印

2024-01-16 17:48:54.933  INFO 5556 --- [           main] com.itheima.cache.MyTest                 : Started MyTest in 5.959 seconds (JVM running for 7.641)
role:Role(id=8, rolename=0088Role, rolecode=0088, introduce=00888Introduce)
2024-01-16 17:48:56.374  INFO 5556 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'

 没有打印sql,说明没有查询mysql,直接从redis中查询的数据

缓存mysql中所有的数据

//root代表当前findAllRole()方法所在的类,methodName代表当前方法名
 @Cacheable(cacheNames = "role", key = "#root.methodName")
    @Override
    public R findAllRole() {
        List<Role> roleList = roleMapper.findAll();
        return R.ok(roleList);
    }

测试代码

 @Test
    public void test2(){
        R allRole = roleService.findAllRole();
        System.out.println(allRole);
    }

执行完查看控制台

JDBC Connection [HikariProxyConnection@94166581 wrapping com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@43de9fc9] will not be managed by Spring
==>  Preparing: select id,roleName,roleCode, introduce from role
==> Parameters: 
<==    Columns: id, roleName, roleCode, introduce
<==        Row: 1, Richeldis, i, nt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit an
<==        Row: 4, Hester, unt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.Lorem, amco l
<==        Row: 5, Jaime, de, it, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut l
<==        Row: 6, 006Role, 006, 006Introduce
<==        Row: 7, Jason, t nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat , t. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cill
<==        Row: 8, 0088Role, 0088, 00888Introduce
<==        Row: 9, Drew, cididunt ut labore et dolore magna ali,  fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint oc
<==        Row: 10, Anne, it a, um.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed
<==      Total: 8
Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@56f61d74]
com.itheima.cache.common.R@757c685d

查看redis

可以把 @CacheConfig(cacheNames = "role")加在类上，那么每个缓存都会生成role的前缀

@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames = "role")
public class RoleServiceImpl implements IRoleService {

    @Autowired
    private RoleMapper roleMapper;

    // findById()方法的返回值Role作为 key = "#id"的value在缓存中保存，无需配置
    @Cacheable(key = "#id")//#id表示引用findById(Integer id)中id的值
    @Override
    public Role findById(Integer id) {
        return roleMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

    @Cacheable(key = "#root.methodName")
    @Override
    public R findAllRole() {
        List<Role> roleList = roleMapper.findAll();
        return R.ok(roleList);
    }
}

清空缓存，再分别执行test1和test2方法

查看redis