reduce端join与map端join算法实现

1、reduce端join算法实现

1、需求：

订单数据表t_order：

id	date	pid	amount
1001	20150710	P0001	2
1002	20150710	P0001	3
1002	20150710	P0002	3

 

商品信息表t_product

id	pname	category_id	price
P0001	小米5	1000	2000
P0002	锤子T1	1000	3000

 

假如数据量巨大，两表的数据是以文件的形式存储在HDFS中，需要用mapreduce程序来实现一下SQL查询运算：

 

select  a.id,a.date,b.name,b.category_id,b.price from t_order a join t_product b on a.pid = b.id

2、实现机制：

通过将关联的条件作为map输出的key，将两表满足join条件的数据并携带数据所来源的文件信息，发往同一个reduce task，在reduce中进行数据的串联

第一步：定义OrderBean

public class OrderJoinBean implements Writable {
    private String id;
    private String date;
    private String pid;
    private String amount;
    private String name;
    private String categoryId;
    private String price;
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return id+"\t"+date+"\t"+pid+"\t"+amount+"\t"+name+"\t"+categoryId+"\t"+price;
    }
    public OrderJoinBean() {
    }

    public OrderJoinBean(String id, String date, String pid, String amount, String name, String categoryId, String price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.date = date;
        this.pid = pid;
        this.amount = amount;
        this.name = name;
        this.categoryId = categoryId;
        this.price = price;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getDate() {
        return date;
    }
    public void setDate(String date) {
        this.date = date;
    }
    public String getPid() {
        return pid;
    }
    public void setPid(String pid) {
        this.pid = pid;
    }
    public String getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }
    public void setAmount(String amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getCategoryId() {
        return categoryId;
    }
    public void setCategoryId(String categoryId) {
        this.categoryId = categoryId;
    }
    public String getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(String price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeUTF(id+"");
        out.writeUTF(date+"");
        out.writeUTF(pid+"");
        out.writeUTF(amount+"");
        out.writeUTF(name+"");
        out.writeUTF(categoryId+"");
        out.writeUTF(price+"");
    }

    @Override
    public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
       this.id =  in.readUTF();
        this.date =  in.readUTF();
        this.pid =  in.readUTF();
        this.amount =  in.readUTF();
        this.name =  in.readUTF();
        this.categoryId =  in.readUTF();
        this.price =  in.readUTF();

    }
}

第二步：定义map类

public class OrderJoinMap extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,OrderJoinBean> {
    private OrderJoinBean orderJoinBean = new OrderJoinBean();
    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
       //通过获取文件名来区分两个不同的文件
        String[] split = value.toString().split(",");
        FileSplit inputSplit = (FileSplit) context.getInputSplit();
        String name = inputSplit.getPath().getName();
        System.out.println("获取文件名为"+name);
        if(name.contains("orders")){
            //订单数据
            orderJoinBean.setId(split[0]);
            orderJoinBean.setDate(split[1]);
            orderJoinBean.setPid(split[2]);
            orderJoinBean.setAmount(split[3]);
            context.write(new Text(split[2]),orderJoinBean);
        }else{
            //商品数据
            orderJoinBean.setName(split[1]);
            orderJoinBean.setCategoryId(split[2]);
            orderJoinBean.setPrice(split[3]);
            context.write(new Text(split[0]),orderJoinBean);
        }

    }
}

第三步：自定义reduce类：

public class OrderJoinReduce extends Reducer<Text,OrderJoinBean,OrderJoinBean,NullWritable> {
    private OrderJoinBean orderJoinBean;
    @Override
    protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<OrderJoinBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
         orderJoinBean = new OrderJoinBean();
        for (OrderJoinBean value : values) {
            System.out.println(value.getId());
            //相同的key的对象都发送到了这里，在这里将数据拼接完整
          if(null !=value.getId() && !value.getId().equals("null") ){
              orderJoinBean.setId(value.getId());
              orderJoinBean.setDate(value.getDate());
              orderJoinBean.setPid(value.getPid());
              orderJoinBean.setAmount(value.getAmount());
          }else{
              orderJoinBean.setName(value.getName());
              orderJoinBean.setCategoryId(value.getCategoryId());
              orderJoinBean.setPrice(value.getPrice());
          }
        }
        context.write(orderJoinBean,NullWritable.get());
    }
}

第四步：开发main方法入口

public class OrderJoinMain extends Configured implements Tool {
    @Override
    public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Job job = Job.getInstance(super.getConf(), OrderJoinMain.class.getSimpleName());

        job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
        TextInputFormat.addInputPath(job,new Path("file:///F:\\传智播客大数据离线阶段课程资料\\4、大数据离线第四天\\map端join\\input"));
        job.setMapperClass(OrderJoinMap.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(OrderJoinBean.class);
        job.setReducerClass(OrderJoinReduce.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(OrderJoinBean.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
        job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);
        TextOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path("file:///F:\\传智播客大数据离线阶段课程资料\\4、大数据离线第四天\\map端join\\out"));
        boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        return b?0:1;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(),new OrderJoinMain(),args);
    }
}

缺点：这种方式中，join的操作是在reduce阶段完成，reduce端的处理压力太大，map节点的运算负载则很低，资源利用率不高，且在reduce阶段极易产生数据倾斜

解决方案： map端join实现方式

---

2 map端join算法实现

1、原理阐述

适用于关联表中有小表的情形；

可以将小表分发到所有的map节点，这样，map节点就可以在本地对自己所读到的大表数据进行join并输出最终结果，可以大大提高join操作的并发度，加快处理速度

2、实现示例

--先在mapper类中预先定义好小表，进行join

--引入实际场景中的解决方案：一次加载数据库或者用

第一步：定义mapJoin

public class JoinMap extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,Text> {
    HashMap<String,String> b_tab = new HashMap<String, String>();
    String line = null;
    /*
    map端的初始化方法当中获取缓存文件，一次性加载到map当中来
     */
    @Override
    public void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //这种方式获取所有的缓存文件
     //   URI[] cacheFiles1 = DistributedCache.getCacheFiles(context.getConfiguration());
        Path[] localCacheFiles = DistributedCache.getLocalCacheFiles(context.getConfiguration());
        URI[] cacheFiles = DistributedCache.getCacheFiles(context.getConfiguration());
        FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(cacheFiles[0], context.getConfiguration());
        FSDataInputStream open = fileSystem.open(new Path(cacheFiles[0]));
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(open));
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
            String[] split = line.split(",");
            b_tab.put(split[0],split[1]+"\t"+split[2]+"\t"+split[3]);
        }
        fileSystem.close();
        IOUtils.closeStream(bufferedReader);
    }

    @Override
    public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //这里读的是这个map task所负责的那一个切片数据（在hdfs上）
        String[] fields = value.toString().split(",");
        String orderId = fields[0];
        String date = fields[1];
        String pdId = fields[2];
        String amount = fields[3];
        //获取map当中的商品详细信息
        String productInfo = b_tab.get(pdId);
        context.write(new Text(orderId), new Text(date + "\t" + productInfo+"\t"+amount));
    }
}

第二步：定义程序运行main方法：

public class MapSideJoin extends Configured implements Tool {
    @Override
    public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Configuration conf = super.getConf();
        //注意，这里的缓存文件的添加，只能将缓存文件放到hdfs文件系统当中，放到本地加载不到
        DistributedCache.addCacheFile(new URI("hdfs://192.168.100.129:8020/cachefile/pdts.txt"),conf);
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, MapSideJoin.class.getSimpleName());
        job.setJarByClass(MapSideJoin.class);
        job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
        TextInputFormat.addInputPath(job,new Path("file:///F:\\传智播客大数据离线阶段课程资料\\4、大数据离线第四天\\map端join\\map_join_iput"));
        job.setMapperClass(JoinMap.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);
        TextOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path("file:///F:\\传智播客大数据离线阶段课程资料\\4、大数据离线第四天\\map端join\\map_join_output")) ;
        boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        return b?0:1;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        ToolRunner.run(configuration,new MapSideJoin(),args);

    }
}

总结：

将order文件中的pid作为key，其他数据封装到Bean 最终输出,

将product文件中的id作为key，其他数据封装到Bean 最终输出,

reduce获得多个只含有一半数据的bean，将多个一半的Bean封装成一个完整的Bean