实验：逻辑卷（创建、删除、扩展、缩减、卷组迁移、快照和还原）

一、创建逻辑卷

#1.创建物理卷 
# pvcreate  /dev/sda3 
#2.为卷组分配物理卷 
# vgcreate  vg0  /dev/sda3 
#3.从卷组创建逻辑卷 
# lvcreate  -L  256M  -n data  vg0 mkfs.xfs   /dev/vg0/data
#4.挂载 
# mount  /dev/vg0/data /mnt/data 

二、删除逻辑卷

删除逻辑卷，卷组，PV

#1.卸载
# umount /mnt/data 
#2.移除逻辑卷
# lvremove  /dev/vg0/data
#3.移除卷组
# vgremove vg0
#4.移除物理卷
# pvremove /dev/sda3

三、扩展逻辑卷：

# lvextend  -l +1000 /dev/vg0/data
# xfs_growfs /mnt/data/
# resize2fs  /dev/vg0/data
或者
# lvextend  -r -l +500 /dev/vg0/data

四、缩减逻辑卷：

# umount /mnt/data
# e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/data
# resize2fs  /dev/vg0/data 10G
# lvreduce -L 10G /dev/vg0/data 
# mount /dev/vg0/data  /mnt/data/

五、跨主机迁移卷组

源计算机上
	1 在旧系统中， umount所有卷组上的逻辑卷
	2 禁用卷组
		vgchange –a n vg0
		lvdisplay
	3 导出卷组
		vgexport vg0
		pvscan
		vgdisplay
		拆下旧硬盘
在目标计算机上
	4 在新系统中安装旧硬盘， 并导入卷组： vgimport vg0
	5 vgchange –ay vg0 启用
	6 mount所有卷组上的逻辑卷

六、逻辑卷的快照及还原

1、快照

xfs 
# lvcreate  -s -n mysql_snapshot2 -L 1G /dev/vg0/mysql 
# mount -o nouuid,ro  /dev/vg0/mysql_snapshot2  /mnt/snap/

ext4 
# lvcreate  -n binlog_snapshot -s -p r -L 1G /dev/vg0/binlog 
# mount /dev/vg0/binlog_snapshot /mnt/snap/
#修改原逻辑卷数据

2、还原

#恢复快照      
# umount /mnt/binlog/
# umount /mnt/snap/
# lvconvert  --merge /dev/vg0/binlog_snapshot
#删除快照 
# umount  /mnt/databackup 
# lvremove  /dev/vg0/databackup 

七、作业

1：创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4，卷标为TEST，要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x22e0d6aa

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

[root@centos7 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -L 'TEST' -m 1 /dev/sdb1       
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@centos7 ~]# blkid
  ev/sda1: UUID="3f858921-b3e6-40e7-9467-fb39bcabd2bf" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="Mz29xU-kKCo-Q28O-UjF7-o9aj-6CRP-4wYeck" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="ea304265-aa8a-462b-8a58-cb9aa2f0fc34" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-09-09-19-08-41-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos" 
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="e0b45a81-0c9f-405e-af87-e616639882b2" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="63c9d504-084f-4879-83a8-d229d2d502b3" TYPE="swap" 
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab 

/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=3f858921-b3e6-40e7-9467-fb39bcabd2bf /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=ea304265-aa8a-462b-8a58-cb9aa2f0fc34 /test ext4    defaults,acl    0 0

2、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x22e0d6aa

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         4196352    25167871    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3        25167872    46139391    10485760   83  Linux
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate testvg /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 -s 16
  Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n testlv -L 5G /dev/testvg
  Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -p /users
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root    194G   12G  183G   7% /
/dev/sda1                  2.0G  189M  1.9G  10% /boot
tmpfs                      378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv  4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /users