DispatcherServlet
在整个 Spring MVC 框架中，DispatcherServlet 处于核心位置，它负责协调和组织不同组件完成请求处理并返回响应工作。DispatcherServlet 是 SpringMVC统一的入口，所有的请求都通过它。DispatcherServlet 是前端控制器，配置在web.xml文件中，Servlet依自已定义的具体规则拦截匹配的请求，分发到目标Controller来处理。
1.请求来临时如何处理：
通过查阅源码，可以发现：
DispatcherServlet 继承 FrameworkServlet
FrameworkServlet 继承 HttpServletBean
HttpServletBean 继承 HttpServlet
请求来临：doGet/doPost是在FrameworkServlet 中进行处理，FrameworkServlet 中含有这两个方法，我们看看
/**
* Delegate GET requests to processRequest/doService.
* <p>Will also be invoked by HttpServlet's default implementation of {@code doHead},
* with a {@code NoBodyResponse} that just captures the content length.
* @see #doService
* @see #doHead
*/
@Override
protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
/**
* Delegate POST requests to {@link #processRequest}.
* @see #doService
*/
@Override
protected final void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
可以看到不管是doPost还是doGet，都调用了processRequest这个方法，点进去看看这个方法干了什么
/**
* Process this request, publishing an event regardless of the outcome.
* <p>The actual event handling is performed by the abstract
* {@link #doService} template method.
*/
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
// 获取上一个请求保存的LocaleContext
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
// 建立新的LocaleContext
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
// 获取上一个请求保存的RequestAttributes
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
// 建立新的RequestAttributes
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
//异步
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
// 新的RequestAttributes设置进LocalThread
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
//do...都是框架里面真正做事的方法
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
可以看到有个doService方法，点进这个方法看看，发现FrameworkServlet 只提供了接口，真正实现这个方法的是DispatcherServlet ，进入DispatcherServlet 看看
/**
* Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to {@link #doDispatch}
* for the actual dispatching.
*/
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logRequest(request);
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
}
try {
//干活的方法，派发？
//前端控制器的主要任务就是拿到请求，将其派发给处理这些请求的Handler方法
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
}
}
我们可以发现DispatcherServlet 的doService中包含doDispatch方法
大致流程理解：doDispatch() 的主要过程是通过 HandlerMapping 获取 Handler，再找到用于执行它的 HandlerAdapter，执行 Handler 后得到 ModelAndView ，ModelAndView 是连接“业务逻辑层”与“视图展示层”的桥梁，接下来就要通过 ModelAndView 获得 View，再通过它的 Model 对 View 进行渲染
/**
* Process the actual dispatching to the handler.
* <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order.
* The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters
* to find the first that supports the handler class.
* <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
* themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response
* @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
*/
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
// 1 检查是否是文件上传的请求
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
/*
2 取得处理当前请求的Controller，这里也称为Handler，即处理器
这里并不是直接返回 Controller，而是返回 HandlerExecutionChain 请求处理链对象
遍历所有的 HandlerMapping 找到与请求对应的 Handler，并将其与一堆拦截器封装到 HandlerExecution 对象中。
*/
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
// 如果 handler 为空，则返回404
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
// 3 获取处理请求的处理器适配器 HandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
// 处理 last-modified 请求头
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 4 实际处理器处理请求，返回结果视图对象
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
// 结果视图对象的处理
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
//最终会调用HandlerInterceptor的afterCompletion 方法
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
//最终会调用HandlerInterceptor的afterCompletion 方法
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
SpringMVC处理请求的流程即为
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#doDispatch⽅法的执⾏过程
1）调⽤getHandler()获取到能够处理当前请求的执⾏链 HandlerExecutionChain（Handler+拦截
器）
2）调⽤getHandlerAdapter()；获取能够执⾏1）中Handler的适配器
3）适配器调⽤Handler执⾏ha.handle（总会返回⼀个ModelAndView对象）
4）调⽤processDispatchResult()⽅法完成视图渲染跳转
核心方法分析：
getHandler：遍历HandlerMapping，试图获取能够处理当前请求的执⾏链
getHandlerAdapter：遍历各个HandlerAdapter，看哪个Adapter⽀持处理当前Handler
ha.handle：点击handle方法进去看看
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
checkRequest(request);
// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.
// 判断当前是否需要支持在同一个session中只能线性的处理请求
if (this.synchronizeOnSession) {
// 获取当前请求的session对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
// 为当前session生成一个唯一可以用于锁定的key
Object mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session);
synchronized (mutex) {
// 对HandlerMethod进行参数等的适配处理，并调用目标handler
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
}
else {
// No HttpSession available -> no mutex necessary
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
}
else {
// No synchronization on session demanded at all...
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
if (!response.containsHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {
if (getSessionAttributesHandler(handlerMethod).hasSessionAttributes()) {
applyCacheSeconds(response, this.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);
}
else {
prepareResponse(response);
}
}
return mav;
}
进入invokeHandlerMethod()方法
/**
* Invoke the {@link RequestMapping} handler method preparing a {@link ModelAndView}
* if view resolution is required.
* @since 4.2
* @see #createInvocableHandlerMethod(HandlerMethod)
*/
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
// 获取容器中配置的InitBinder和当前HandlerMethod对应的Controller中配置的InitBinder，用于进行参数的绑定
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
// 获取容器中全局配置的ModelAttribute和当前HandlerMethod对应的Controller中配置的ModelAttribute，这些配置方法会在目标方法调用之前进行加载
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
// 将HandlerMethod封装为一个ServletInvocableHandlerMethod对象
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
// 设置当前容器中配置的所有ArgumentResolvers
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {
// 设置当前容器中配置的所有returnValueHandlers
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
}
// 将前面创建的WebDataBinderFactory设置到ServletInvocableHandlerMethod中
invocableMethod.setDataBinderFactory(binderFactory);
invocableMethod.setParameterNameDiscoverer(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();
mavContainer.addAllAttributes(RequestContextUtils.getInputFlashMap(request));
//initModel()方法主要是调用前面获取到的@ModelAttribute标注的方法，从而达到被标注的方法能够在目标handler调用之前调用的目的
modelFactory.initModel(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);
mavContainer.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);
AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest = WebAsyncUtils.createAsyncWebRequest(request, response);
asyncWebRequest.setTimeout(this.asyncRequestTimeout);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.setTaskExecutor(this.taskExecutor);
asyncManager.setAsyncWebRequest(asyncWebRequest);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptors(this.callableInterceptors);
asyncManager.registerDeferredResultInterceptors(this.deferredResultInterceptors);
if (asyncManager.hasConcurrentResult()) {
Object result = asyncManager.getConcurrentResult();
mavContainer = (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.getConcurrentResultContext()[0];
asyncManager.clearConcurrentResult();
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(result, !traceOn);
return "Resume with async result [" + formatted + "]";
});
invocableMethod = invocableMethod.wrapConcurrentResult(result);
}
// 对请求参数进行处理，调用目标handlerMethod，并返回一个ModelAndView对象
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return null;
}
// 对封装的ModelAndView进行处理，主要是判断当前的请求是否进行了重定向，如果进行了重定向还会判断是否要将FlashAttributes封装到新的请求中
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
进入invokeAndHandle()方法
/**
* Invoke the method and handle the return value through one of the
* configured {@link HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers}.
* @param webRequest the current request
* @param mavContainer the ModelAndViewContainer for this request
* @param providedArgs "given" arguments matched by type (not resolved)
*/
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
// 对目标handler的参数进行处理，并调用目标handler
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
// 设置相关返回状态
setResponseStatus(webRequest);
if (returnValue == null) {
if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || getResponseStatus() != null || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
disableContentCachingIfNecessary(webRequest);
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
return;
}
}
else if (StringUtils.hasText(getResponseStatusReason())) {
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
return;
}
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
Assert.state(this.returnValueHandlers != null, "No return value handlers");
try {
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(formatErrorForReturnValue(returnValue), ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
进入invokeForRequest()方法
/**
* Invoke the method after resolving its argument values in the context of the given request.
* <p>Argument values are commonly resolved through
* {@link HandlerMethodArgumentResolver HandlerMethodArgumentResolvers}.
* The {@code providedArgs} parameter however may supply argument values to be used directly,
* i.e. without argument resolution. Examples of provided argument values include a
* {@link WebDataBinder}, a {@link SessionStatus}, or a thrown exception instance.
* Provided argument values are checked before argument resolvers.
* <p>Delegates to {@link #getMethodArgumentValues} and calls {@link #doInvoke} with the
* resolved arguments.
* @param request the current request
* @param mavContainer the ModelAndViewContainer for this request
* @param providedArgs "given" arguments matched by type, not resolved
* @return the raw value returned by the invoked method
* @throws Exception raised if no suitable argument resolver can be found,
* or if the method raised an exception
* @see #getMethodArgumentValues
* @see #doInvoke
*/
@Nullable
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
//将request中的参数转换成当前handler的参数形式
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
}
//结合处理后的参数，使用反射对目标方法进行调用
return doInvoke(args);
}
进入getMethodArgumentValues()方法
/**
* Get the method argument values for the current request, checking the provided
* argument values and falling back to the configured argument resolvers.
* <p>The resulting array will be passed into {@link #doInvoke}.
* @since 5.1.2
*/
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
// 获取当前handler所声明的所有参数
MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
return EMPTY_ARGS;
}
Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
// findProvidedArgument调用方法的参数，主要是判断这些参数中是否有当前类型，如果有，则直接使用调用方法的参数，
// 对于请求处理而言，一般情况下，调用方提供的都是长度为0的数组
args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
if (args[i] != null) {
continue;
}
/*
如果在调用方提供的参数中不能找到当前类型的参数之，则遍历spring容器中所有的ArgumentResolver,
判断那种类型的Resolver支持对当前参数的及解析，这里的判断方式比较简单
比如：RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver就是判断当前参数是否使用@RequestParam注解进行标注
*/
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
/*
如果能够找到对当前参数进行处理的ArgumentResolver，则调用其resolveArgument方法从request中获取对于的参数值，进行转换
*/
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// Leave stack trace for later, exception may actually be resolved and handled...
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String exMsg = ex.getMessage();
if (exMsg != null && !exMsg.contains(parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString())) {
logger.debug(formatArgumentError(parameter, exMsg));
}
}
throw ex;
}
}
return args;
}
自此，处理完我们传入的参数
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