Java学习之Docker常用命令
一、帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
官方帮助文档：https://docs.docker.com
二、镜像命令
1、docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@master ~]$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest ee301c921b8a 7 months ago 9.14kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all 展示所有的镜像
-q, --quiet 仅展示镜像ID
-aq 展示所有的ID
2、docker search 搜索镜像
[root@master ~]$ docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14715 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5617 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 623 [OK]
# 可选项，通过收藏来进行过滤
--filter=STARS=8000 # 搜索出来的镜像的STARS是大于8000的
-f=STARS=5000 # 搜索出来的镜像的STARS是大于5000的
[root@master ~]$ docker search mysql -f=STARS=8000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14715 [OK]
2、docker pull 下载镜像
- 未指定版本下载，默认使用当前镜像的最新版本：
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@master ~]$ docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认则是latest，也就是最新的
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
edfaa6c9daad: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
19c686b91aca: Pull complete
8c39062282e3: Pull complete
73452dd561ff: Pull complete
0ba54e261f50: Pull complete
b22c0fd6cce4: Pull complete
eaffd91cbb12: Downloading 53.18MB/61.6MB
3ec60922d8e9: Download complete
Digest: sha256:ceb98918916bd5261b3e9866ac8271d75d276b8a4db56f1dc190770342a77a9b # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
- 指定版本下载
[root@master /]$ docker pul1 mysq1:5.7
5.7: Pulling from 1ibrary/mysql
5b54d594fba7: Already exists
07e7d6a8a868: Already exists
abd946892310: ATready exists
dd8f4d07efa5: Already exists
076d396a6205: ATready exists
cf6b2b93048f: Already exists
530904b4a8b7: Already exists
a37958cbebcf: Pul1 complete
04960017f638: Pu11 complete
e1285defOd2a: Pul1 complete
670cb3a9678e: Pu11 completeDigest: sha256:e4d39b85118358ffef6adc5e8c7d00e49d20b25597e6ffdc994696f10e3dc8e2Status: Downloaded newer image for mysq1:5.7
docker.io/library/mysq1:5.7
[root@master ~]$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 e73346bdf465 5 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 1402b5eee239 5 days ago 641MB
hello-world latest ee301c921b8a 7 months ago 9.14kB
3、docker rmi 删除镜像
- 删除镜像，删指定的ID容器
docker rmi -f 镜像ID
docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID
[root@master ~]$ docker rmi -f ee301c921b8a
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:ac69084025c660510933cca701f615283cdbb3aa0963188770b54c31c8962493
Deleted: sha256:ee301c921b8aadc002973b2e0c3da17d701dcd994b606769a7e6eaa100b81d44
[root@master ~]$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 e73346bdf465 5 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 1402b5eee239 5 days ago 641MB
- 可根据docker命令进行依次循环删除全部容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
[root@master ~]$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:ceb98918916bd5261b3e9866ac8271d75d276b8a4db56f1dc190770342a77a9b
Deleted: sha256:1402b5eee239d06c8f1a01c16cd0b773e85e808e5c9185a6b36e9b232e776275
Deleted: sha256:c94463ddb1221f1de1422dd0b8ee6801056bbb9566c229c607023f62e37ffca4
...
[root@master ~]$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
三、容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
1、新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试启动，进入容器内
[root@master ~]$ docker run -it centos
[root@d6b808256938 /]$ ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 从容器中退回宿主机
[root@d6b808256938 /]$ exit
exit
[root@master /]$ ls
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
2、列出所有正在运行的容器
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
docker ps
# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
docker ps -a
# 显示最近创建的容器
docker ps -n=?
# 只显示容器的编号
docker ps -q
# 可以进行aq的组合等操作，也就是显示所有运行过的容器的ID
docker ps -aq
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master /]$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d6b808256938 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago sleepy_booth
fe4f69b392a0 ee301c921b8a "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago sweet_swanson
c446a4152036 ee301c921b8a "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago sweet_bhaskara
9889be5e9789 ee301c921b8a "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago goofy_margulis
21ff8a14255f ee301c921b8a "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago funny_cohen
[root@master /]$ docker ps -aq
d6b808256938
fe4f69b392a0
c446a4152036
9889be5e9789
21ff8a14255f
3、退出容器
# 容器进行停止并退出
docker exit
# 容器不停止退出，使用热键
ctrl/control + P + Q
3、删除容器
# 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果想要强制删除，需要使用rm -f
docker rm 容器id
# 删除所有容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
# 删除所有容器
docker ps -a|xargs docker rm
4、启动或停止容器的操作
# 启动容器
docker start 容器ID
# 重启容器
docker restart 容器ID
# 停止容器
docker stop 容器ID
# 杀掉容器
docker kill 容器ID
[root@master /]$ docker start eb2864937362
eb2864937362
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eb2864937362 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes keen_euler
[root@master /]$ docker stop eb2864937362
eb2864937362
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
四、常用其他命令
1、后台启动容器
# 后台启动容器
docker run -d 镜像名
[root@master /]$ docker run -d centos
6fb12ddd015838f99ba285672028d4a5154212be7e6e6d14d3a285b04abc6362
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
发现问题：docker ps后，发现centos停止了。这是一个常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行后， 就必须有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
若后续NGINX容器进行启动后，发现自己没有提供任何服务，那么也会进行立刻停止，就没有程序进行了。
2、查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail [NUMBER] 容器ID
-t 时间戳
--tail [NUMBER] 显示结尾日志信息条数
[root@master /]$ docker logs -ft --tail 10 eb2864937362
2023-12-18T19:13:48.504199139Z [root@eb2864937362 /]# exit
2023-12-18T19:30:30.226403603Z [root@eb2864937362 /]# exit
2023-12-18T19:42:04.210876387Z [root@eb2864937362 /]# exit
#此时发现没有日志，则需要写一段while true的shell脚本进行日志的添加
[root@master /]$ docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo outputlogs;sleep 1;done"
385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed
docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
385108893b48 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 32 seconds ago Up 31 seconds crazy_ptolemy
[root@master /]$ docker logs -ft --tail 10 385108893b48
2023-12-18T19:53:06.603709947Z outputlogs
2023-12-18T19:53:07.609431092Z outputlogs
2023-12-18T19:53:08.617599219Z outputlogs
2023-12-18T19:53:09.626158386Z outputlogs
2023-12-18T19:53:10.633985128Z outputlogs
2023-12-18T19:53:11.638370340Z outputlogs
3、查看容器中进程信息
docker top 容器ID
[root@master /]$ docker top 385108893b48
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 5301 5282 0 14:50 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo outputlogs;sleep 1;done
root 5904 5301 0 14:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
4、查看镜像的元数据json信息
docker inspect 容器ID
# 进行测试
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
385108893b48 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 8 hours ago Up 8 hours crazy_ptolemy
[root@master /]$ docker inspect 385108893b48
[
{
"Id": "385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed",
"Created": "2023-12-18T19:50:35.595581442Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo outputlogs;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 5301,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2023-12-18T19:50:35.720216929Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:e6a0117ec169eda93dc5ca978c6ac87580e36765a66097a6bfb6639a3bd4038a",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed/385108893b48e607c87e0440923e133814e3657f7ddcd38800d5ade71c67f1ed-json.log",
"Name": "/crazy_ptolemy",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
24,
80
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware",
"/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee9622ea4f38fbd72059549320fefc3d6c5c5f8939650299c181cc709a5d1c06-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/22945382fc582ca261fff28cf39b6d6be9a31a17f2950be11ea1380c1cc9b021/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee9622ea4f38fbd72059549320fefc3d6c5c5f8939650299c181cc709a5d1c06/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee9622ea4f38fbd72059549320fefc3d6c5c5f8939650299c181cc709a5d1c06/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee9622ea4f38fbd72059549320fefc3d6c5c5f8939650299c181cc709a5d1c06/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "385108893b48",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo outputlogs;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "ab3b2899b1dd0b136fd524c61f12c7698aef4d41106fffe32746a733f4023a87",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ab3b2899b1dd",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "28813c73419f87179de5f3eed689fadbe376d4f13a933743d51edae36eb6ff82",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "5fbc5fa0c8a8ae94d4dba6b03586ba616625e03e2b6ef66bf8b9af92b2a87b2e",
"EndpointID": "28813c73419f87179de5f3eed689fadbe376d4f13a933743d51edae36eb6ff82",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
5、进入容器的命令和拷贝命令
进入容器的命令
我们通常的容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置，方式一：
# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell
# 进行测试
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a8d3f00861e6 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes vigilant_ganguly
[root@master /]$ docker exec -it a8d3f00861e6 /bin/bash
[root@a8d3f00861e6 /]$ ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
方式二：
# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
docker attatch 容器ID
# 进行测试
[root@master /]$ docker attach a8d3f00861e6
[root@a8d3f00861e6 /]#
从容器内拷贝到宿主机上
docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的宿主机路径
不论是直接进行exit退出容器，还是后台运行着的容器，都可以进行数据的拷贝
# 进行拷贝功能的测试
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a8d3f00861e6 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up About an hour vigilant_ganguly
[root@master /]$ docker attach a8d3f00861e6
[root@a8d3f00861e6 /]$ cd /home
[root@a8d3f00861e6 home]$ ls
[root@a8d3f00861e6 home]$ touch test.txt
[root@a8d3f00861e6 home]$ ls
test.txt
[root@a8d3f00861e6 home]$ read escape sequence
[root@master /]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a8d3f00861e6 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up About an hour vigilant_ganguly
[root@master /]$ docker cp a8d3f00861e6:/home/test.txt /home
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home
[root@master /]$ cd home
[root@master home]$ ls
lql test.txt
[root@master home]$ cd lql
[root@master lql]$ ls
[root@master lql]$ docker attach a8d3f00861e6
[root@a8d3f00861e6 home]$ exit
exit
[root@master lql]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master lql]$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a8d3f00861e6 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) 9 seconds ago vigilant_ganguly
c239df8c00d0 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago zen_northcutt
88255c762487 centos "-c 'while true;do e…" 9 hours ago Created recursing_chatelet
9596e9dfbae7 centos "-c 'while true;do e…" 9 hours ago Created suspicious_taussig
6fb12ddd0158 centos "/bin/bash" 9 hours ago Exited (0) 9 hours ago pensive_faraday
[root@master lql]$ docker cp a8d3f00861e6:/home/test.txt /home/lql
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home/lql
[root@master lql]$ ls
test.txt
小结
attach Attach to a running container # 当前Shell下的attach链接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders from the containers
filesystem to the host path #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器,同run,但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应import]
history show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images # 列出系统当前镜像
import importCreate a new filesystem image
from the contents of a tarbal1 # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息
inspect Return 1ow-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息
kill Kill a running container #kill指定 docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login Register or Login to the docker registry server # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息
port Lookup the public-facing port
which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause Pause all processes
within a containerList containers # 暂停容器
ps List containers # 列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository
from the docker registry server # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push Push an image or a repository
to the docker registry server # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一个或多个
镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run Run a command in a new container # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个: tar 包[对应 load]
search Search for anfimage on the Docker Hub # 在dockerhub中搜索镜像
start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器
stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签
top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器
version show the docker version information # 查看 docker版本号
wait Block until a container stops,
then print its exit code # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
总结：Docker的命令是十分多的，以上都是最常用的命令！
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