常用的SQL语句整理

增

增加一张表

CREATE TABLE `table_name`(
  ...
  )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

增加记录

INSERT INTO `your_table_name`(`column_name`)
VALUES
('your_value_one'),
('your_value_two');

增加字段

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD `your_column_name` ...
AFTER `column_name`;

增加索引
主键

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD PRIMARY KEY your_index_name(your_column_name);

唯一索引

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD UNIQUE your_index_name(your_column_name);

普通索引

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);

全文索引

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
ADD FULLTEXT your_index_name(your_column_name);

删

逐行删除

DELETE FORM `table_name`
WHERE ...;

清空整张表

TRUNCATE TABLE `your_table_name`;

删除表

DROP TABLE `your_table_name`;

删除字段

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
DROP `column_name`;

删除索引

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
DROP INDEX your_index_name(your_column_name);

改

变更数据

UPDATE `table_name`
SET column_name=your_value
WHERE ...;

变更字段

ALTER TABLE `your_table_name`
CHANGE `your_column_name` `your_column_name` ...(变更);

变更字段值为另一张表的某个值

UPDATE `your_table_name`
AS a
JOIN `your_anther_table_name`
AS b
SET a.column = b.anther_column
WHERE a.id = b.a_id...;

查

普通查询

SELECT `column_name_one`, `column_name_two`
FROM `table_name`;

关联查询

SELECT *
FROM `your_table_name`
AS a
JOIN `your_anther_table_name`
AS b
WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;

合计函数条件查询：WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用

SELECT aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM your_table_name
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name)...;

同一个实例下跨库查询

SELECT *
FROM database_name.your_table_name
AS a
JOIN another_database_name.your_another_table_name
AS b
WHERE a.column_name = b.column_name...;

复制一张表结构

CREATE TABLE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;

完全复制一张表：表结构+全部数据

CREATE TABLE `your_table_name`
LIKE `destination_table_name`;

INSERT INTO `your_table_name`
SELECT *
FROM `destination_table_name`;

附录：mysql常用命令

登陆： mysql -h host -u username -p
列出数据库：SHOW DATABESES;
列出表:SHOW TABLES;
列出表结构:DESC table_name
使用一个数据库：USE database_name;
导入：source 'file';
导出：mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p "database_name" "table_name" --where="condition" > file_name.sql;
查看慢日志：mysqldumpslow -s [c:按记录次数排序/t:时间/l:锁定时间/r:返回的记录数] -t [n:前n条数据] -g "正则"　/path
新增用户： insert into user(Host, User, authentication_string) value('localhost', 'username', password('pwd'))

mysql 5.7 新增用户

// 插入新用户

insert into mysql.user(Host, User, authentication_string, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject
value('localhost', 'username', password('password'), '', '', '');

// 数据库授权

grant all privileges on dbname.name.* to username@localhost identified by 'password';

// 刷新权限信息

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;