HTTP协议

鲤鱼非鱼

于 2021-03-30 17:03:08 发布

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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签：网络协议 http post

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44535556/article/details/115330449

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HTTP协议

GET

请求行
- 请求的方式
- 请求资源的路径
- 请求的协议和版本号
请求头
- key:value

GET /JavaWeb/httpTest HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: JSESSIONID=CDED15F6434D402946CB8F9777A44977

POST

请求行
- 请求的方式
- 请求资源的路径
- 请求的协议和版本号
请求头
- key:value
空行
请求体：
- 发送的数据

POST /JavaWeb/httpTest HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 9
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: http://localhost:8080
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Referer: http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: JSESSIONID=CDED15F6434D402946CB8F9777A44977

key=value

响应格式

响应行
- 响应的协议和版本号
- 响应的状态码：200
- 响应状态描述符：OK
请求头
- key:value
空行
响应体：
- 发送的数据

HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 956
Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2021 16:04:34 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=20
Connection: keep-alive
X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Servlet Test</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <!--此处省略-->

  </body>
</html>

常用请求头

Host：请求的服务器的ip与端口
Connection：
- keep-alive（回传信息后保持一段时间的连接）
- closed（马上关闭）
User-Agent：浏览器信息
Accept：接受数据的类型
Referer：请求的地址（浏览器的地址）
Accept-Encoding：可接受的编码/压缩格式
Accept-Language：可接受数据的语言
Content-Type：
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  
  以key=value的形式，并对其进行url编码
- multipart/form-data
  
  以多段的报文形式（以流的形式提交）
Content-Length：数据的长度
Cache-Control：如何控制缓存

Server：服务器信息
Content-Type：响应体数据类型
Content-Length：响应体的长度
Date：响应的时间（格林时间，北京时间等于格林时间+8h）

常见的响应码

200：请求成功
302：重定向
404：服务器收到但资源不存在
500：服务器收到但服务器内部错误

##　MIME类型

text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。一个文本文件应当是人类可读的，并且不包含二进制数据。
application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。一种未知的文件类型应当使用此类型。浏览器在处理这些文件时会特别小心, 试图防止、避免用户的危险行为.

扩展名	文档类型	MIME 类型
`.aac`	AAC audio	`audio/aac`
`.abw`	AbiWord document	`application/x-abiword`
`.arc`	Archive document (multiple files embedded)	`application/x-freearc`
`.avi`	AVI: Audio Video Interleave	`video/x-msvideo`
`.azw`	Amazon Kindle eBook format	`application/vnd.amazon.ebook`
`.bin`	Any kind of binary data	`application/octet-stream`
`.bmp`	Windows OS/2 Bitmap Graphics	`image/bmp`
`.bz`	BZip archive	`application/x-bzip`
`.bz2`	BZip2 archive	`application/x-bzip2`
`.csh`	C-Shell script	`application/x-csh`
`.css`	Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)	`text/css`
`.csv`	Comma-separated values (CSV)	`text/csv`
`.doc`	Microsoft Word	`application/msword`
`.docx`	Microsoft Word (OpenXML)	`application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document`
`.eot`	MS Embedded OpenType fonts	`application/vnd.ms-fontobject`
`.epub`	Electronic publication (EPUB)	`application/epub+zip`
`.gif`	Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)	`image/gif`
`.htm.html`	HyperText Markup Language (HTML)	`text/html`
`.ico`	Icon format	`image/vnd.microsoft.icon`
`.ics`	iCalendar format	`text/calendar`
`.jar`	Java Archive (JAR)	`application/java-archive`
`.jpeg` `.jpg`	JPEG images	`image/jpeg`
`.js`	JavaScript	`text/javascript`
`.json`	JSON format	`application/json`
`.jsonld`	JSON-LD format	`application/ld+json`
`.mid` `.midi`	Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)	`audio/midi` `audio/x-midi`
`.mjs`	JavaScript module	`text/javascript`
`.mp3`	MP3 audio	`audio/mpeg`
`.mpeg`	MPEG Video	`video/mpeg`
`.mpkg`	Apple Installer Package	`application/vnd.apple.installer+xml`
`.odp`	OpenDocument presentation document	`application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation`
`.ods`	OpenDocument spreadsheet document	`application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet`
`.odt`	OpenDocument text document	`application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text`
`.oga`	OGG audio	`audio/ogg`
`.ogv`	OGG video	`video/ogg`
`.ogx`	OGG	`application/ogg`
`.otf`	OpenType font	`font/otf`
`.png`	Portable Network Graphics	`image/png`
`.pdf`	Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)	`application/pdf`
`.ppt`	Microsoft PowerPoint	`application/vnd.ms-powerpoint`
`.pptx`	Microsoft PowerPoint (OpenXML)	`application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation`
`.rar`	RAR archive	`application/x-rar-compressed`
`.rtf`	Rich Text Format (RTF)	`application/rtf`
`.sh`	Bourne shell script	`application/x-sh`
`.svg`	Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)	`image/svg+xml`
`.swf`	Small web format (SWF) or Adobe Flash document	`application/x-shockwave-flash`
`.tar`	Tape Archive (TAR)	`application/x-tar`
`.tif.tiff`	Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)	`image/tiff`
`.ttf`	TrueType Font	`font/ttf`
`.txt`	Text, (generally ASCII or ISO 8859-n)	`text/plain`
`.vsd`	Microsoft Visio	`application/vnd.visio`
`.wav`	Waveform Audio Format	`audio/wav`
`.weba`	WEBM audio	`audio/webm`
`.webm`	WEBM video	`video/webm`
`.webp`	WEBP image	`image/webp`
`.woff`	Web Open Font Format (WOFF)	`font/woff`
`.woff2`	Web Open Font Format (WOFF)	`font/woff2`
`.xhtml`	XHTML	`application/xhtml+xml`
`.xls`	Microsoft Excel	`application/vnd.ms-excel`
`.xlsx`	Microsoft Excel (OpenXML)	`application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet`
`.xml`	`XML`	`application/xml` 代码对普通用户来说不可读 (RFC 3023, section 3) `text/xml` 代码对普通用户来说可读 (RFC 3023, section 3)
`.xul`	XUL	`application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml`
`.zip`	ZIP archive	`application/zip`
`.3gp`	3GPP audio/video container	`video/3gpp` `audio/3gpp`（若不含视频）
`.3g2`	3GPP2 audio/video container	`video/3gpp2` `audio/3gpp2`（若不含视频）
2) audio/video container	`video/3gpp` `audio/3gpp`（若不含视频）
`.3g2`	3GPP2 audio/video container	`video/3gpp2` `audio/3gpp2`（若不含视频）
`.7z`	7-zip archive	`application/x-7z-compressed`

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HTTP协议

HTTP协议目录文章目录HTTP协议目录@[toc]GETPOST响应格式常用请求头常见的响应码GET请求行请求的方式请求资源的路径请求的协议和版本号请求头key:valueGET /JavaWeb/httpTest HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8080Connection: keep-aliveCache-Control: max-age=0Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1User-Agent: Mozilla/
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