Java接口

Servlet 写接口

如果不用spring框架要你写一个JavaWeb后台的外部接口，你会怎么写呢

准备： IDEA、Tomcat9
新建maven项目：File——new——project…——Maven——Next——起项目名称——Finsh

项目建好后留下src和pom.xml，其他用不到的删掉

1. pom.xml配置

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
       <parent>
           <artifactId>spring-source</artifactId>
           <groupId>org.hh</groupId>
           <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
       </parent>
       <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
       <artifactId>servlet-demo</artifactId>
   
       <!--这里是使用servlet编程，要用到Tomcat容器，需要打成war包-->
       <packaging>war</packaging>
   
       <dependencies>
           <!--Tomcat11 用的-->
          <!-- <dependency>
               <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
               <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
               <version>5.0.0</version>
               <scope>provided</scope>
           </dependency>-->
   
           <!--Servlet  API    Tomcat8或9用javax.servlet-->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
               <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
               <version>4.0.1</version><!--3.1.0-->
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
               <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
               <version>3.7</version>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
               <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
               <version>1.2.72</version>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
   
       <properties>
           <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
           <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
       </properties>
   
   </project>
   

2. 写servlet接口

   package com.hh.servlet;
   
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
   import java.io.IOException;
   
   /**
    * 继承Servlet接口，实现需要的方法
    */
   public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
       
       //alt+insert  选择 Override..  选择doGet和doPost
       @Override
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           this.doPost(request,response);
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
           response.getWriter().write("Hello：" + request.getParameter("name"));
   
   //        super.doPost(req, resp);
       }
   }
   

3. 新建webapp，下级新建 WEB-INF，下级新建web.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
            xmlns:javaee="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
            xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
            version="2.4">
       <display-name>Servlet Web Application</display-name>
   
       <servlet>
           <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
           <servlet-class>com.hh.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
       </servlet>
   
       <servlet-mapping>
           <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
           <!--配置访问路径-->
           <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
       </servlet-mapping>
   
   </web-app>
   

4. 配置Tomcat 9
   
   

5. 直接运行， 浏览器 http://localhost:8080/hello?name=名称
   
   
   
   

Spring框架写接口

spring约定大于配置，这里使用springboot来编写，不用写配置
新建springboot项目：File——new——project…——Spring Initializr——Next


项目建好后留下src和pom.xml，其他用不到的删掉

1. pom.xml配置

   <properties>
       <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>
   
   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       </dependency>
   
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
       </dependency>
   
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
           <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   
   <build>
       <plugins>
           <plugin>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
           </plugin>
       </plugins>
   </build>
   
   

2. 写controller（这个要自己新建包和类）

   package com.hh.controller;
   
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
   import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
   
   @RestController
   @RequestMapping("/hello")
   public class HelloControler {
   
       //访问路径  http://localhost:8080/hello/hello2?name=名称
       @GetMapping("/hello2")
       public String hello(String name){
           return "Hello:"+name;
       }
   }
   

3. 主启动类（spring内置了Tomcat容器，所以不用配置）

   package com.hh;
   
   import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
   import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
   
   @SpringBootApplication
   public class SpringbootDemoApplication {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemoApplication.class, args);
       }
   }
   

4. 直接运行 浏览器
   
   访问：http://localhost:8080/hello/hello2?name=名称
   
   小结：Servlet每写一个接口都要实现一个HttpServlet方法，而且还要在web.xml里面配置一对servlet和servlet-mapping ，当接口比较多的时候，管理和后期维护比较麻烦，所以推荐使用springboot