ORACLE 过滤和排序语句

1.where字句，可以用and连接多个筛选条件，紧随from字句

SELECT  last_name, job_id, employee_id
FROM   employees							
WHERE  employee_id = 111 ;

2.字符和日期要包含在单引号中，字符大小写敏感，日期格式敏感，默认的日期格式是 DD-MON月-YY,也可以写成这样DD-MON月-YYYY，如以下例子

SELECT  *  FROM   employees
WHERE  last_name = 'Ernst';

SELECT  last_name, hire_date, department_id FROM   employees
WHERE  hire_date = '6-2月-2000';

3.比较运算(>、<、=、<=、>=、<>),其中<>也可以写为!=，如以下例子

SELECT  last_name, salary FROM   employees
WHERE  salary > 5000 AND salary < 8000 and salary !=7700;

4.其他比较运算，包含有between、in、like、escape、null
between关键字，查询某一区间内的数据

SELECT  last_name, salary FROM   employees
WHERE  salary BETWEEN 5000 AND 8000;

in关键字，显示列表中的值

SELECT  last_name, salary, manager_id  FROM   employees
WHERE  manager_id IN (108, 147);

like关键字，查询类似的值，’_’代表一个字符，’%’代表零个字符或多个字符(任意个字符)，例子：查询名字第三个字母为e的员工

SELECT  last_name ROM   employees
WHERE  last_name LIKE '__e%';

escape(转义字符),回避特殊符号

SELECT  job_id FROM  employees
WHERE  job_id LIKE ‘SH\_%‘ escape ‘\‘;

null关键字，使用is (not) null判断值是否为空

SELECT  last_name, manager_id FROM   employees
WHERE  department_id IS NULL; 

5.逻辑运算，包含有and、or、not
and关键字，把关系并在一起，而且关系要为真

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary FROM   employees
WHERE  manager_id >=130 AND salary<8000;

or关键字，要求或关系为真，只要满足其中一个条件即可

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary FROM   employees
WHERE  manager_id >=130 or salary<8000;

not关键字，逻辑关系为否，表示不在或不等

SELECT last_name, manager_id FROM   employees
WHERE  manager _id NOT IN (108,201);

6.order by字句，对查询出来的数据进行排序
升序asc(ascend)，可以不写该关键字，因为order by默认为升序

SELECT   last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date FROM     employees
ORDER BY hire_date ;

降序desc(descend)，一般用简写

SELECT   last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date FROM     employees
ORDER BY hire_date DESC ;

按别名进行排序

SELECT  employee_id, last_name,hire_date as dates FROM   employees ORDER BY dates;

多个列排序

SELECT last_name, manager_id, salary FROM   employees
ORDER BY manager_id, salary DESC;

该查询语句首先通过manager_id进行升序排序，如果manager_id一样，再根据salary进行降序排序