Java死锁及解决方法

java 死锁产生的四个必要条件：
1、互斥使用，即当资源被一个线程使用(占有)时，别的线程不能使用
2、不可抢占，资源请求者不能强制从资源占有者手中夺取资源，资源只能由资源占有者主动释放。
3、请求和保持，即当资源请求者在请求其他的资源的同时保持对原有资源的占有。
4、循环等待，即存在一个等待队列：P1占有P2的资源，P2占有P3的资源，P3占有P1的资源。这样就形成了一个等待环路。
public class LockTest {
public static String obj1 = “obj1”;
public static String obj2 = “obj2”;

public static void main(String[] args) {
	LockA la = new LockA();
	new Thread(la).start();
	LockB lb = new LockB();
	new Thread(lb).start();
}

}

class LockA implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 开始执行");
while (true) {
synchronized (LockTest.obj1) {
System.out
.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj1");
Thread.sleep(3000); // 此处等待是给B能锁住机会
synchronized (LockTest.obj2) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ " LockA 锁住 obj2");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // 为测试，占用了就不放
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

class LockB implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 开始执行");
while (true) {
synchronized (LockTest.obj2) {
System.out
.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj2");
Thread.sleep(3000); // 此处等待是给A能锁住机会
synchronized (LockTest.obj1) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ " LockB 锁住 obj1");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // 为测试，占用了就不放
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public class UnLockTest {
public static String obj1 = “obj1”;
public static final Semaphore a1 = new Semaphore(1);
public static String obj2 = “obj2”;
public static final Semaphore a2 = new Semaphore(1);

public static void main(String[] args) {
	LockAa la = new LockAa();
	new Thread(la).start();
	LockBb lb = new LockBb();
	new Thread(lb).start();
}

}

class LockAa implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 开始执行");
while (true) {
if (UnLockTest.a1.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out
.println(new Date().toString() + " LockA 锁住 obj1");
if (UnLockTest.a2.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ " LockA 锁住 obj2");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // do something
} else {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ “LockA 锁 obj2 失败”);
}
} else {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ “LockA 锁 obj1 失败”);
}
UnLockTest.a1.release(); // 释放
UnLockTest.a2.release();
Thread.sleep(1000); // 马上进行尝试，现实情况下do something是不确定的
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

class LockBb implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 开始执行");
while (true) {
if (UnLockTest.a2.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out
.println(new Date().toString() + " LockB 锁住 obj2");
if (UnLockTest.a1.tryAcquire(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ " LockB 锁住 obj1");
Thread.sleep(60 * 1000); // do something
} else {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ “LockB 锁 obj1 失败”);
}
} else {
System.out.println(new Date().toString()
+ “LockB 锁 obj2 失败”);
}
UnLockTest.a1.release(); // 释放
UnLockTest.a2.release();
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000); // 这里只是为了演示，所以tryAcquire只用1秒，而且B要给A让出能执行的时间，否则两个永远是死锁
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}